HomeMy WebLinkAbout07-514 DERING MARTINNancy Dering Martin
Executive House — Suite 1110
101 South Second Street
Harrisburg, PA 17101
Dear Ms. Martin:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 6, 2007
07 -514
This responds to your letter, which was received on February 1, 2007, by which
you requested an advisory from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., would present any restrictions upon employment of the Deputy
Secretary for Human Resources and Management following termination of service with
the Office of Human Resources and Management within the Governor's Office of
Administration.
Facts: At the time of your inquiry, you served as the Deputy Secretary for Human
Resources and Management for the Office of Human Resources and Management
within the Governor's Office of Administration ( "OA "). You have submitted a copy of
your position description, which is incorporated herein by reference.
You stated that on February 2, 2007, you would be leaving Commonwealth
service to return to the private sector.
In the private sector, you will be working as a consultant in strategy,
organizational change and performance, leadership, and human capital management.
You seek an advisory as to whether the Ethics Act would impose any restrictions upon
you with regard to doing business with Commonwealth entities.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Martin, 07 -514
March 6, 2007
Page 2
In the former capacity as the Deputy Secretary for Human Resources and
Management for the Office of Human Resources and Management within OA, you
would be considered a public official /public employee and an "executive -level State
employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission. See, 65 Pa C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you became a former public
official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the
restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two
years from the time that he terminates employment with this
Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a business
or corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this
Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to expand an existent
plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the
above prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment
or inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money
or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(i).
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination
of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 1103(i)
apply even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in
question is a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See,
Confidential Opinion, 94 -011. However, Section 1103(i) would not restrict you from
being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a
representative capacity for a business or corporation provided and conditioned upon the
assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the business or
corporation to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in inducing the
business or corporation to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania,
through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the business or corporation.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official /public employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does
restrict the former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a
"person" before the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
Martin, 07 -514
March 6, 2007
Page 3
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former ublic
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official /public employee may also counsel any
Martin, 07 -514
March 6, 2007
Page 4
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control but
extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at
290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be deemed to have been
associated upon termination of public service is OA in its entirety including, but not
limited to, the Office of Human Resources and Management. See, Confidential
Opinion, 01 -006; cf., Gerhards, Advice of Counsel, 03 -529. Therefore, for the first year
after termination of your service with OA, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply
and restrict "representation" of "persons" before OA.
Having set forth the restrictions of Sections 1103(g) and 1103(i) of the Ethics Act,
you are advised that the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from doing business as a
consultant to Commonwealth entities as long as in so doing, you would not engage in
prohibited representation before OA during the first year following termination of
Commonwealth employment.
Based upon the facts that have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1103(g) and 1103(i) only. It is expressly assumed that there has
been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c)
of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: Upon termination of service as the Deputy Secretary for Human
Resources and Management for the Office of Human Resources Management within
the Governor's Office of Administration ( "OA "), you became a former public
official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the
restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Under Section 1103(i) of the Ethics
Act, you would not be prohibited from being employed by, receiving compensation from,
assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for a business or corporation based
upon the assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the business or
corporation to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in inducing the
business or corporation to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania
Martin, 07 -514
March 6, 2007
Page 5
through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With regard to Section 1103(g), the restrictions as
outlined above must be followed. The former governmental body is OA in its entirety
including, but not limited to, the Office of Human Resources and Management. The
Ethics Act would not prohibit you from doing business as a consultant to
Commonwealth entities as long as in so doing, you would not engage in prohibited
representation before OA during the first year following termination of Commonwealth
employment. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Act.
Further, since service has been terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act
would require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of
the year after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct
in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel