HomeMy WebLinkAbout06-582 LawrukAlan R. Krier, Esquire
Jubelirer, Carothers, Krier & Halpern
Park View Center
10 Sheraton Drive
P.O. Box 2024
Altoona, PA 16603
Dear Mr. Krier:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
September 1, 2006
06 -582
This responds to your letters of July 27, 2006 and August 2, 2006, by which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon an Authority from
entering into a lease for office space with a limited liability corporation that has three
members, one of which is another limited liability corporation owned by two sons of the
chairman of the Authority.
Facts: As Solicitor for the Altoona City Authority ( "Authority "), you seek an
advisory on behalf of Maurice A. Lawruk ( "Lawruk "), who is the Chairman of the
Authority.
The Authority wishes to obtain 12,000 square feet of office space in the City of
Altoona because it has outgrown its existing office space. The only available space that
meets the Authority's needs is located in the Butterick building, which is owned by HLD
Beale Avenue, LLC ("HLD Beale Avenue "). There are three equal members of HLD
Beale Avenue, one of which is Lawruk Properties, LLC ( "Lawruk Properties "). Lawruk
Properties is owned by Lawruk's sons, Daniel R. Lawruk and Maurice D. Lawruk.
You seek guidance as to whether it would be permissible under the Ethics Act for
the Authority, with approval of the Authority Board and with Lawruk abstaining from the
vote, to enter into a lease with HLD Beale Avenue for the office space in the Butterick
building.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
Krier, 06 -582
September 1, 2006
Page 2
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As Chairman of the Authority, Lawruk is a public official as that term is defined in
the Ethics Act, and hence he is subject to the provisions of that Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
Krier, 06 -582
September 1, 2006
Page 3
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Subject to certain voting conflict exceptions, Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act
requires a public official /public employee with a conflict of interest to abstain and to
publicly disclose the abstention and the reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes or supervisor.
Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person
shall offer to a public official /public employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon
the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /public
employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to
provide a complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act pertaining to contracting provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(f) Contract. - -No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or
his spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
Krier, 06 -582
September 1, 2006
Page 4
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(f).
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
The Ethics Act defines the term "contract" as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision of consulting or other services or of
supplies, materials, equipment, land or other personal or real
property. The term shall not mean an agreement or
arrangement between the State or political subdivision as
one party and a public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary,
wage, retirement or other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental
body permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official /public
employee, his spouse or child, or a business with which he, his spouse or child is
associated, is otherwise appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with the
governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section 1103(f) requires that an
"open and public process" be observed as to the contract with the governmental body.
Pursuant to Section 1103(f), an "open and public process" includes:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor /applicant to be
able to prepare and present an application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals considered; and
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and accepted.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also requires that the public official /employee
may not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
Having established the above general principles, your specific inquiry shall be
addressed.
As to whether it would be permissible under the Ethics Act for the Authority, with
approval of the Authority Board and with Lawruk abstaining from the vote, to enter into a
lease with HLD Beale Avenue for the office space in the Butterick building, you are
advised that your inquiry cannot be addressed within the statutory parameters of the
Krier, 06 -582
September 1, 2006
Page 5
Ethics Act, Sections 1107(10), (11), because the inquiry relates to the conduct of a
governmental body, over with the Commission has no jurisdiction. The Ethics Act
regulates the conduct of public officials /public employees.
As to Lawruk, you are advised as follows. Lawruk's sons are members of his
"immediate family" as that term is defined in the Ethics Act. Lawruk Properties, which is
owned by Lawruk's sons, would be considered a business with which they are
associated. In addition, HLD Beale Avenue, a limited liability corporation of which
Lawruk Properties is a member, would be considered a business with which Lawruk's
sons are associated. As a general rule, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act,
Lawruk, as Chairman of the Authority, would have a conflict of interest as to matters
before the Authority that would financially benefit himself, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Lawruk would specifically have a conflict as to business dealings between the Authority
and HLD Beale Avenue. In each instance of a conflict, Lawruk would be required to
abstain and to observe the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act applies to the proposed lease between HLD
Beale Avenue and the Authority. The business with which Lawruk's sons are
associated seeks to contract with the Authority. Lawruk is the Chairman of the
Authority. It is administratively noted that the contract would be over $500.
Accordingly, any lease that the Authority would enter into with HLD Beale Avenue would
be subject to the open and public process restrictions of Section 1103(f).
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Municipality Authorities Act.
Conclusion: As Chairman of the Altoona City Authority ( "Authority "), Lawruk is a
public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
("Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Lawruk Properties, LLC ( "Lawruck
Properties"), which is owned by Lawruk's sons, would be considered a business with
which Lawrucks' sons are associated. In addition, HLD Beale Avenue, LLC ( "HLD
Beale Avenue "), a limited liability corporation of which Lawruk Properties is a member,
would be considered a business with which Lawruk's sons are associated. Pursuant to
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, Lawruk, as Chairman of the Authority, would have a
conflict of interest as to business dealings between the Authority and HLD Beale
Avenue. In each instance of a conflict, Lawruk would be required to abstain and to
observe the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act. Any lease that
the Authority would enter into with HLD Beale Avenue, if over $500, would be subject to
the open and public process restrictions of Section 1103(f). The question of whether it
would be permissible under the Ethics Act for the Authority, with approval of the
Authority Board and with Lawruk abstaining from the vote, to enter into a lease with
HLD Beale Avenue for the office space in the Butterick building cannot be addressed
within the statutory parameters of the Ethics Act, Sections 1107(10), (11), because the
inquiry relates to the conduct of a governmental body rather than the conduct of a public
official /public employee.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
Krier, 06 -582
September 1, 2006
Page 6
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel