HomeMy WebLinkAbout1386In Re: Complainant A File Docket:
X -ref:
Date Decided:
Date Mailed:
Before: Louis W. Fryman, Chair
John J. Bolger, Vice Chair
Donald M. McCurdy
Paul M. Henry
Raquel K. Bergen
Nicholas A. Colafella
Reverend Scott Pilarz
ID # 05 -043
LD # 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
Order No. 1386
12/12/05
12/23/05
This is a preliminary determination of the State Ethics Commission as to wrongful
use of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act, Act 9 of 1989, P.L. 26, 65 P.S. § 401 et
seq., as codified by Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., which Acts are
hereinafter referred to as the "Ethics Act."
Procedurally, the Investigative Division of the State Ethics Commission conducted a
preliminary inquiry under case number 05 -013 based upon alleged violation(s) of the
Ethics Act by an individual referred to herein as the "Subject." Following the preliminary
inquiry, the case was closed based upon a lack of probable cause that the Ethics Act had
been violated and a finding that certain conduct in question was de minimis in nature.
Issues involving the Subject's Statements of Financial Interests were handled
administratively.
The Subject sought a finding as to wrongful use of the Ethics Act by the
Complainant, alleging that the complaint was filed in a grossly negligent manner and was
frivolous. An investigative review was conducted as to wrongful use of act, and the
Investigative Division submitted a report and recommendation. Upon review, this
Commission adopts the recommendation of the Investigative Division and preliminarily
determines that there has not been a wrongful use of the Ethics Act in this matter.
The Subject may appeal this preliminary determination to this Commission. 65
Pa.C.S. § 1110(c); 51 Pa. Code § 25.3(c)(2). Any such appeal must be in writing and must
be actually received at this Commission within thirty (30) days of the mailing date of this
preliminary determination, pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §§ 25.4(a), 11.1. If no timely appeal is
filed, this preliminary determination will become absolute and will become the final
determination of this Commission in this matter regarding wrongful use of the act, 51 Pa.
Code § 25.4(a), and will be released as a public document.
In the event of an appeal, an Order to Show Cause will be issued to the Subject
requiring the Subject to show cause why the rule should not be made absolute as to a
finding of no wrongful use of the act (65 Pa.C.S. § 1110(c); 51 Pa. Code § 25.4(b)(1)).
The Subject's answer to the rule must contain specific factual averments which establish a
basis for believing the Ethics Act was wrongfully used. One or more of the following shall
be inadequate to establish wrongful use of the Ethics Act: (1) the dismissal of the
complaint; (2) dismissal for lack of probable cause; or (3) dismissal on jurisdictional
In Re: Complainant A, Case 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
Page 2
grounds. 51 Pa. Code § 25.4(b)(1). Thereafter, a hearing may be held at which the
Subject bears the burden of proving wrongful use of the act by clear and convincing
evidence. 51 Pa. Code § 25.4(b)(2). This Commission will then make a final
determination.
In Re: Complainant A, Case 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
Page 3
I. FINDINGS:
1. At all times relevant to this matter, the Subject served as a township
secretary /treasurer, but has since resigned from that position.
2. The Complainant filed a sworn complaint with this Commission alleging that the
Subject used the aforesaid public positions to hire immediate family members to
work for the township and was also involved in paying township funds to family
members hired by the township.
3. Following a preliminary inquiry, the investigative proceedings as to the Subject were
closed without the initiation of a full investigation, based upon the dual finding that
there was a lack of probable cause that the Ethics Act had been violated and that
certain conduct in question (signing checks) was de minimis in nature.
4. The Investigative Division's preliminary inquiry as to the Subject together with the
investigative review as to wrongful use of act have indicated that:
a. The Subject has alleged that the complaint was filed in a grossly negligent
manner and was frivolous.
(1) The Subject has not alleged that the complaint was made primarily for
a purpose other than that of reporting a violation of the Ethics Act.
(2) The Subject has not alleged any public disclosure or dissemination by
the Complainant of the fact that a complaint was filed with this
Commission as to the Subject.
b. Due to the informal hiring process used in the township, it would have been
difficult for the complainant to distinguish which individuals hired whom.
(1) Township hirings were neither conducted at a township meeting nor
recorded in township minutes.
c. The Subject was the sole signatory on township checks made out to the
Subject and to the Subject's immediate family members.
(1) The Subject was not aware that the Subject could not sign township
checks payable to the Subject or to the Subject's immediate family
member(s).
(2) During the time period that was reviewed, the Subject's signature was
the only signature recognized as the authorizing signature for checks
issued from the township bank account.
If the checks in question had not been signed by the Subject, they
could not have been cashed.
(3)
d. The Investigative Division determined that the allegation as to the signing of
the aforesaid checks had a factual basis.
(1) The Investigative Division reported that this allegation was not
pursued due to its technical nature.
In Re: Complainant A, Case 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
Page 4
II. DISCUSSION:
At all times relevant to this matter, the Subject served as a township
secretary /treasurer, and as such, the Subject was a public official /public employee subject
to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
The Complainant filed a complaint with this Commission against the Subject (case
number 05 -013) alleging that the Subject used the aforesaid public positions to hire
immediate family members to work for the township and was also involved in paying
township funds to family members hired by the township.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms pertaining to conflicts of interest are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The term does not include an action
having a de minimis economic impact or which affects to the
same degree a class consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group
which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or
a member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(f) Contract. - -No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or his
In Re: Complainant A, Case 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
Page 5
spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with which
the public official or public employee is associated or any
subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person who has
been awarded a contract with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated,
unless the contract has been awarded through an open and
public process, including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals considered and contracts
awarded. In such a case, the public official or public employee
shall not have any supervisory or overall responsibility for the
implementation or administration of the contract. Any contract
or subcontract made in violation of this subsection shall be
voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction if the suit is
commenced within 90 days of the making of the contract or
subcontract.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1103(f).
Factually, the Investigative Division's preliminary inquiry as to the Subject together
with the investigative review as to wrongful use of act have indicated that due to the
informal hiring process used in the township, it would have been difficult for the
complainant to distinguish which individuals hired whom. The preliminary inquiry further
indicated that the Subject was the sole signatory on township checks made out to the
Subject and to the Subject's immediate family members. The Investigative Division
determined that the allegation as to the signing of such checks had a factual basis. The
Investigative Division has reported that this allegation was not pursued due to its technical
nature.
With the base case closed, the Subject has requested a determination as to
wrongful use of act by the Complainant, alleging that the complaint was filed in a grossly
negligent manner and was frivolous.
The elements of wrongful use of act are set forth in Section 1110 of the Ethics Act:
§ 1110. Wrongful use of chapter
(a) Liability. —A person who signs a complaint alleging
a violation of this chapter against another is subject to liability
for wrongful use of this chapter if:
(1) the complaint was frivolous, as defined by this
chapter, or without probable cause and made primarily for a
purpose other than that of reporting a violation of this chapter;
or
(2) he publicly disclosed or caused to be disclosed
that a complaint against a person had been filed with the
commission.
(b) Probable cause. —A person who signs a
complaint alleging a violation of this chapter has probable
cause for doing so if he reasonably believes in the existence of
the facts upon which the claim is based and either:
(1) reasonably believes that under those facts the
complaint may be valid under this chapter; or
In Re: Complainant A, Case 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
Page 6
(2) believes to this effect in reliance upon the advice
of counsel, sought in good faith and given after full disclosure
of all relevant facts within his knowledge and information.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1110(a), (b).
The term "frivolous complaint" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Frivolous complaint." A complaint filed in a grossly
negligent manner without basis in law or fact.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The question before this Commission is whether the elements for a wrongful use of
act are met in the instant matter. Given that there has been no allegation of any public
disclosure or dissemination by the Complainant of the fact that a complaint was filed with
this Commission as to the Subject, we would only be able to find a wrongful use of act if we
determined both that the complaint was frivolous or without probable cause and that it was
made primarily for a purpose other than that of reporting a violation of the Ethics Act.
It is clear that the essential elements for a wrongful use of act have not been met in
this matter, if for no other reason than the fact that there is no basis to conclude that the
complaint was made primarily for a purpose other than that of reporting a violation of the
Ethics Act. Without that essential element, a wrongful use of act may not be found.
Although we need not go any further to dispose of this matter, we also note the
following. The Investigative Division determined that the allegation involving the signing of
checks had a factual basis. Given the Investigative Division's determination of a factual
basis for that allegation, and given that there are numerous precedents of this Commission
finding violations of the Ethics Act based upon a public official /public employee signing
checks issued to himself /herself, to immediate family members, or to businesses with
which such individuals are associated (see, e.q., Gardecki, Order 1311; Trimer, Order
1285; Breneiser, Order 1181; Buler, Order 1180; Kurtz, Order 1116), there would be no
basis for finding the complaint to have been frivolous or without probable cause.
The essential elements for a wrongful use of act have not been met in this matter.
III. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW:
1. At all times relevant to this matter, the Subject served as a township
secretary /treasurer, and as such, the Subject was a public official /public employee
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
2. Under the facts and circumstances presented in this matter, there is no basis to
conclude that the complaint filed against the Subject (case number 05 -013) was
made primarily for a purpose other than that of reporting a violation of the Ethics
Act.
3. Under the facts and circumstances presented in this matter, there is no basis to
conclude that the complaint filed against the Subject (case number 05 -013) was
frivolous, filed in a grossly negligent manner, or without probable cause.
In Re: Complainant A, Case 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
Page 7
4. It is the preliminary determination of this Commission that the Complainant did not
wrongfully use the Ethics Act as to the filing of the complaint against the Subject
under case number 05 -013.
In Re: Complainant A File Docket:
Date Decided:
Date Mailed:
ORDER NO. 1386
ID # 05 -043
LD # 05- 043 -WUA (A &B)
12/12/05
12/23/05
1 It is the preliminary determination of this Commission that Complainant A did not
wrongfully use the Ethics Act as to the filing of the complaint against the Subject
under case number 05 -013.
2. If no timely appeal is filed, this preliminary determination will become absolute and
will become the final determination of this Commission in this matter regarding
wrongful use of the act and will be released as a public document.
BY THE COMMISSION,
Louis W. Fryman, Chair