HomeMy WebLinkAbout06-545 HermanKent H. Herman, Esquire
King, Spry, Herman, Freund & Faul, LLC
One West Broad Street
Suite 700
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Dear Mr. Herman:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 13, 2006
06 -545
This responds to your letters of March 8, 2006 and March 14, 2006, by which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a transportation
authority board member from operating a transit passenger waiting and service center
on those Sundays that the authority operates buses pick up and drop off passengers at
the center.
Facts: As Solicitor for Lehigh and Northampton Transportation Authority
(LANTA), you seek an advisory from the State Ethics Commission on behalf of Steve
Schmitt (Schmitt), a volunteer member on the 12 member LANTA Board of Directors.
You have submitted the following facts which may be fairly summarized as follows.
Schmitt, in addition to being a LANTA Board Member, also directs the
charity CAT - Coalition for Appropriate Transportation, which works to improve safe
access to LANTA. LANTA, an authority created by Lehigh and Northampton Counties
pursuant to the Municipal Authorities Act, operates a public transportation system for
public use in the metropolitan area of the two counties.
On January 11, 2002, LANTA and the City of Bethlehem entered into a 99
year sublease for space at the North Street Parking Facility in Bethlehem to provide a
transit passenger waiting and service center, together with retail space and food and
beverage service for the general public, LANTA passengers and LANTA operators. The
cost for the leased premises by LANTA was paid by a combination of Federal and local
monies.
After LANTA operated the leased space known as "MetroMart" for a
period of time, the Administration and Board determined that the facility could be
operated in more cost effective manner by a private vendor. In October 2005, LANTA
Herman /Schmitt, 06 -545
April 13, 2006
Page 2
advertised a Request for Proposals (RFP) for vendor services for MetroMart. Vijay
Nar (Nar) made a proposal to LANTA in response to the RFP and LANTA accepted his
proposal. The agreement between LANTA and Nar does not obligate him to operate
the MetroMart on Sundays.
Since Schmitt believes that the public and LANTA operations would be
better served if the MetroMart would be open on those Sundays when the buses are
operating at the facility, he is interested in operating MetroMart on those Sundays.
Schmitt's compensation for his work is projected to be a percentage of the net profit of
MetroMart received on Sundays; however, he has agreed to limit his compensation to
less than $500. If Schmitt is successful in operating MetroMart on Sundays without
losing money, he would then turn the Sunday operation back over to Nar's management
as soon as possible and stop receiving any compensation.
Schmitt has no financial interest in the lease between LANTA and Nar and
has no other relationship with Nar. Schmitt would perform such work as an independent
contractor retained by Nar. It will be for Nar to make the determination as to whether he
will turn over the Sunday operation and, if so, when Schmitt's involvement will be
terminated.
You ask whether Schmitt's prospective conduct, in operating MetroMart on
certain Sundays and receiving compensation, would create a conflict under the Ethics
Act.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As Board of Directors Member for LANTA, Schmitt is a public official as
that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and hence he is subject to the provisions of that
Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
Herman /Schmitt, 06 -545
April 13, 2006
Page 3
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public official/
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
Herman /Schmitt, 06 -545
April 13, 2006
Page 4
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the
disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Pavlovic, Opinion 02 -005.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, pursuant
to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/
public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Although Schmitt, as a LANTA Board Member, would otherwise have a conflict
as to matters involving the Sunday operations of the MetroMart, there are two
exclusions from conflict under the Ethics Act, one of which is the "de minimis" exclusion.
The de minimis exclusion precludes a finding of a conflict of interest as to an
action having a de minimis (insignificant) economic impact. Thus, when a matter that
would otherwise constitute a conflict of interest under the Ethics Act would have an
insignificant economic impact upon a public official, a member of his immediate family,
or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated, a
conflict would not exist and Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would not
restrict participation in such matter. See, Schweinsburg, Order 900. In that Schmitt's
financial gain would involve less than $500, the de minimis exclusion would apply and
Schmitt would not have a conflict. See, Bixler v. S.E.C., 874 A.2d 785 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2004).
Although Schmitt would not have a conflict under the Ethics Act based upon the
submitted facts that his receipt of total compensation will be less than $500, there may
be a problem with Schmitt's conduct under the Municipality Authorities Act, which
provides as follows:
§5614. Competition in award of contracts
(e) No member of the authority or officer or employee of the
authority may directly or indirectly be a party to or be interested in
any contract or agreement with the authority if the contract or
agreement establishes liability against or indebtedness of the
authority. Any contract or agreement made in violation of this
subsection is void, and no action may be maintained on the
agreement against the authority.
53 Pa. C.S. §5614
In that the Commission does not have the jurisdiction to administer, enforce or
interpret the Municipality Authorities Act, it is suggested that Schmitt consider obtaining
advice from his attorney on that issue.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Municipality Authorities Act.
Herman /Schmitt, 06 -545
April 13, 2006
Page 5
Conclusion: As a Board of Directors Member for Lehigh and
Northampton Transportation Authority, Schmitt is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §
1101 et seq. Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit Schmitt as a
transportation authority board member from operating a transit passenger waiting and
service center on those Sundays that the authority buses pick up and drop off
passengers at the center, in that the financial gain to Schmitt, being less than $500,
would be diminimis.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel