HomeMy WebLinkAbout1391 SmallIn Re: Marvin Small
File Docket:
X -ref:
Date Decided:
Date Mailed:
Before: Louis W. Fryman, Chair
John J. Bolger, Vice Chair
Donald M. McCurdy
Paul M. Henry
Raquel K. Bergen
Nicholas A. Colafella
05 -009
Order No. 1391
2/23/06
3/13/06
This is a final adjudication of the State Ethics Commission.
Procedurally, the Investigative Division of the State Ethics Commission conducted
an investigation regarding a possible violation of the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Act, Act 9 of 1989, P.L. 26, 65 P.S. § 401 et seq., as codified by Act 93 of 1998, Chapter
11, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., by the above -named Respondent. At the commencement of
its investigation, the Investigative Division served upon Respondent written notice of the
specific allegations. Upon completion of its investigation, the Investigative Division issued
and served upon Respondent a Findings Report identified as an "Investigative Complaint."
An Answer was not filed and a hearing was waived. A Consent Agreement and
Stipulation of Findings were submitted by the parties to the Commission for consideration.
The Stipulation of Findings is quoted as the Findings in this Order. The Consent
Agreement was subsequently approved.
Effective December 15, 1998, Act 9 of 1989 was repealed and replaced by Chapter
11 of Act 93 of 1998, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., which essentially repeats Act 9 of 1989
and provides for the completion of pending matters under Act 93 of 1998.
This adjudication of the State Ethics Commission is issued under Act 93 of 1998
and will be made available as a public document thirty days after the mailing date noted
above. However, reconsideration may be requested. Any reconsideration request must be
received at this Commission within thirty days of the mailing date and must include a
detailed explanation of the reasons as to why reconsideration should be granted in
conformity with 51 Pa. Code § 21.29(b). A request for reconsideration will not affect the
finality of this adjudication but will defer its public release pending action on the request by
the Commission.
The files in this case will remain confidential in accordance with Chapter 11 of Act
93 of 1998. Any person who violates confidentiality of the Ethics Act is guilty of a
misdemeanor subject to a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment for not more than
one year. Confidentiality does not preclude discussing this case with an attorney at law.
Small, 05 -009
Page 2
I. ALLEGATION:
That Marvin Small, a public official /public employee, in his capacity as Supervisor of
Forest Lake Township, Susquehanna County, violated Section 1103(a) provisions [sic] of
the State Ethics Act (Act 93 of 1998), 65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a) when he used the authority of
his office for private pecuniary gain of himself and /or members of his immediate family by
utilizing township equipment and supplies for his personal use; and when in his capacity
as Supervisor and Township Roadmaster he hired his sons to perform services for the
Township Road Department; and then participated in actions of the board to approve
payments to his sons.
II. FINDINGS:
1. Marvin Small has been serving as Supervisor for Forest Lake Township,
Susquehanna County, since approximately 1979.
a. Forest Lake Township is a Second Class township.
b. Small has served as Board Chairman since at least 2000.
2. From 2000 to 2004, Marvin Small has been serving Forest Lake Township in
various capacities including Board Chairman, Secretary /Treasurer, Roadmaster,
Laborer and Park and Cemetery Caretaker.
3. Official records of Forest Lake Township detail the following positions annually held
by Marvin Small since 2000:
Year Positions
2000: Chairman, Secretary /Treasurer, and working Supervisor.
2001: Chairman, Secretary /Treasurer, working Supervisor, Park and
Cemetery Caretaker.
2002: Chairman, Secretary /Treasurer, working Supervisor, Park and
Cemetery Caretaker
2003: Chairman, Secretary /Treasurer, working Supervisor, Park and
Cemetery Caretaker
2004: Chairman, Secretary /Treasurer, Roadmaster, Park and Cemetery
Caretaker and working Supervisor.
2005: Chairman, Secretary /Treasurer, Park and Cemetery Caretaker and
working Supervisor.
The following findings relate to the allegation that Marvin Small used township
equipment and supplies for personal business.
4. Marvin Small, in his official capacity as a Forest Lake Township Supervisor;
Roadmaster, and working Supervisor had access to township road equipment,
welding equipment and leftover fill material.
a. Small routinely makes decisions regarding the use of equipment and the
disposition of fill material.
5. Haun Welding Supply Company has been supplying Forest Lake Township with
Small, 05 -009
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welding tanks since 2001.
6. On December 13, 2001, Forest Lake Township leased an oxygen and a acetylene
tank from Haun Welding for township use.
a. These tanks were leased at an annual rate of $70.00.
b. These tanks were leased with the intent to be used for normal township
business.
7 On December 13, 2001, Haun Welding Company sold oxygen and acetylene to
Forest Lake Township for $22.80.
8. Shortly after the emergency set of tanks were leased (July 1, 2003), Small
transported them to his residence where they remained until approximately the Fall
2003.
a. Between July 1, 2003, and the Fall of 2003, the emergency set of tanks were
not available for general township use if needed.
b. Small and /or members of his immediate family were the only individuals with
access to these tanks.
c. Small hooked up hoses, regulators, and torches he owned to the township
emergency tanks to conduct restoration of old farm equipment.
1 Small and his sons restore old farm equipment.
2. Access to an oxygen and an acetylene tank are beneficial for
restoration work of this nature.
d. Small was not required to repair township equipment at his residence.
9. During the Fall of 2003, Pennypacker conducted an audit in regards to all welding
tanks he had leased through his business.
a. To account for the tanks Pennypacker had leased, he needed to review the
serial numbers on each tank.
10. Small admitted to Pennypacker that the emergency tanks were at Small's
residence.
a. Approximately two weeks after Pennypacker spoke with Small, all of the
tanks that were leased to Forest Lake Township were returned to
Pennpacker.
11. Small realized a private pecuniary gain of $70.00 as a result of the personal use of
township leased tanks.
a. Financial gain based on the $70.00 lease value of the tanks to the general
public.
12. Forest Lake Township has had a practice of providing individuals within the
township the opportunity to acquire excessive dirt that is left over from excavating
road ditches.
a. Excessive dirt can be acquired either by calling the township building or
Small, 05 -009
Page 4
township laborers will ask individuals located close to the excavating site if
they would like any dirt.
b. When dirt is delivered to an individual, it is dumped but not spread by
township road workers.
c. Individuals are not charged for the material or its delivery.
13. During the Spring of 2004, Nathan Small and Leslie Hawley were clearing debris
and fill material from culverts in the vicinity of Griffis Road and Showalter.
a. Nathan Small is a son of Marvin Small and an employee of Lake Forest
Township.
14. Nathan Small operated the township dump truck and Leslie Hawley was using the
township backhoe during this project.
a. Approximately, four truck loads of leftover material was [sic] dropped off in a
pile at Nathan Small's residence.
15. During early Summer 2004, this fill material was leveled off during a weekend by
Gary Griffis (Nathan Small's father -in -law), Adam Griffis, Nathan Small, and Darren
Small, Nathan's brother.
a. Forest Lake Township equipment was not used to level off the material.
b. Gary Griffis used a red Farmall tractor with a blade, and Darren Small
borrowed a yellow CAT bulldozer from his employer at the time, Dale Payne
to level the material.
16. During 2002, shale from a nearby quarry was delivered to Nathan Small's house to
be used to construct a driveway.
a. Nathan Small borrowed the following pieces of machinery from Walter
Frystack for the project: a white International dump truck, a yellow CAT
bulldozer, and a yellow CAT bucket - loader.
b. The project was completed by Nathan Small, Gary Griffis and Adam Griffis,
Marvin Small did not assist with it.
c. Forest Lake Township equipment was not used on this project.
d. Forest Lake Township does not own the same type /make of equipment used
on this project.
17. The Handrick Annex is under the control of the Birchardville Cemetery Association
and has been in existence since the Summer of 2001.
a. In order for the annex to be built, approximately 5 acres of land had to be
cleared.
b. The association's brush hog was used to clear the property of growth.
c. The annex previously was a pasture which needed to be leveled off.
18. Minutes from the Forest Lake Board of Supervisors meetings include official action
approving the use of the township's roller by the Birchardville Cemetery Association
Small, 05 -009
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free of charge.
a. This authorization was granted by Supervisors Melvin Shimer and Tim
Wickizer on June 1, 2001.
b. Marvin Small did not participate in this action.
The following findings relate to the allegation that Marvin Small used the authority of
his position to hire his sons to perform services for the township.
19. Nathan Small, the son of Marvin Small has been employed by Forest Lake
Township since January 2000.
a. Marvin Small participated in board of supervisors decisions resulting in the
hiring of Nathan Small.
20. Minutes of board of supervisors meetings confirm that Marvin Small participated in
board actions voting to hire his son, Nathan Small, to the compensated positions of
laborer during re- organizational meetings held since January 4, 2000. Annual
hirings occurred as follows:
a.
Meeting Date Official Action Recorded Vote Son Hired
January 4, 2000 Vote 3 -0 Nathan Small
January 2, 2001 Second, Vote 2 -0 Nathan Small
January 7, 2002 Second, Vote 3 -0 Nathan Small
January 6, 2003 Second, Vote 3 -0 Nathan Small
January 5, 2004 Second, Vote 2 -0 Nathan Small
21. Township supervisors do not officially approve compensation rates for township
employees during meetings of the board of supervisors.
a. Small, as Secretary /Treasurer, Supervisor, and Roadmaster made decisions
for compensation after consultation with Supervisor Wickizer.
22. Small, in his official capacity as a township supervisor, participated in setting the
pay for township laborers including his son Nathan, as follows:
a. Year Rate
2000 8.00 an hour
2001 $8.50 an hour
2002 $9.00 an hour
2003 $11.00 an hour
2004 $11.50 an hour
23. Employee payroll is not approved as part of the monthly payment of bills.
a. Employee wages are included as part of the annual township budget.
b. Signed biweekly time sheets approve the hours worked.
c. Payments are authorized as a result of two supervisors signatures on a
township check.
24. Since January 2000, Marvin Small, Along with Tim Wickizer, approved
approximately 94 biweekly time sheets authorizing payments of approximately
$53,503.38 to his son, Nathan Small.
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25. Marvin Small, along with Tim Wickizer, took official capacity as secretary/treasurer,
signed the front side of approximately 80 checks totaling $39,966.28 issued to
Nathan Small for payment as a township laborer.
26. W -2 Wage and Tax statements on file with Forest Lake Township detail the
following annual payments received by Nathan Small:
2000: $ 4,091.25
2001: $ 9,955.63
2002: $ 1,983.00
2003: $18,950.25
2004: $19,095.88
27. Marvin Small made the decision to utilize the services of his son during 2003 and
2004.
The following findings relate to the use of the authority of Marvin Small's public
position resulting in the hiring of his son, Darren Small, as a township laborer.
28. Meeting minutes of the Forest Lake Township re- organizational meeting held on
January 5, 2004, confirm that Marvin Small seconded the motion to hire Darren
Small as a township laborer and cast the deciding vote resulting in the hiring.
a. Darren Small is a son of Marvin Small.
30. In his capacity as roadmaster, Marvin Small determined the hours worked by
Darren Small as a laborer.
a. Marvin Small made the decision which part -time workers to utilize and would
assign duties to all part -time laborers.
31. Marvin Small, as Supervisor, Secretary /Treasurer, and Roadmaster determined the
rate of compensation to be paid to Darren Small.
a. Small compensated Darren Small at the rate of $10.00 /hour for the 1/10/04
to 1/15/04.
b. Small increased the rate to $10.50 /hour for all subsequent pay periods.
32. Biweekly time sheets on file with the township for Darren Small confirm Marvin
Small, along with Tim Wickizer, approving 11 timesheets which authorized
payments totaling $4,709.25 to his son.
33. Marvin Small, in his official capacity as secretary /treasurer, along with Tim
Wickizer, signed the front side of 8 checks totaling $2,605.84 issued checks to
Darren Small for payment in relation to township business.
a. Checks issued to Darren Small for 2004 were signed by Marvin Small and
Tim Wickizer.
III. DISCUSSION:
At all times relevant to this matter, the Respondent, Marvin Small (Small), has been
a public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law,
Act 9 of 1989, Pamphlet Law 26, 65 P.S. § 401, et seq., as codified by the Public Official
Small, 05 -009
Page 7
and Employee Ethics Act, Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., which
Acts are referred to herein as the "Ethics Act."
The allegations are that Marvin Small, as a Forest Lake Township Supervisor,
violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he utilized township equipment and
supplies for his personal use; when he hired his sons to perform services for the Township
Road Department; and when he participated in actions to approve payments to his sons.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from engaging in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
The term "conflict of interest" is defined under Act 9 of 1989/Act 93 of 1998 as
follows:
Section 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of interest" does not
include an action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the public official or
public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act prohibits a public official /public employee from
using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public
employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
As noted above, the parties have submitted a Consent Agreement and Stipulation of
Findings. The parties' Stipulated Findings are reproduced above as the Findings of this
Commission. We shall now summarize the relevant facts as contained therein.
Small has served as a Forest Lake Township Supervisor since 1979. From 2000 to
2004, Small has also held various other Township positions. See, Fact Findings 2, 3.
As both an elected and working supervisor, Small has access to various Township
equipment. The Township leases oxygen and acetylene welding tanks from a private
business. The annual rental for the tanks is $70 and the cost for the oxygen and acetylene
is $22.80. During the Summer of 2003, Small took the tanks to his residence where he
and members of his immediate family used the equipment to restore old farm equipment.
When the lessor of the tanks wanted to see them in order to review the serial numbers,
Small admitted that the tanks were at his private residence. Shortly thereafter, Small
returned the tanks to the Township. The financial gain that Small realized for using the
tanks for personal use was $70. See, Fact Finding 11.
Small, 05 -009
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When Township employees excavate ditches, the Township has a practice of
offering the excess dirt to individuals in the area. Sometimes, the individuals call the
Township building for the dirt; other times, the laborers themselves contact individuals and
ask if they would like to receive the dirt. Although the Township does not charge the
individuals for the delivery of the dirt, it is dumped on their property without being spread
by the Township workers. During the Spring of 2004, Township employees Leslie Hawley
and Small's son, Nathan, cleaned debris and fill from culverts in the vicinity of Griffiths
Road and Showalter. Following completion of the Township project, four truck loads of
material were dumped on Nathan Small's property. The material was leveled on the
property without the use of Township equipment or employees.
When Nathan Small became employed by the Township, Small participated in the
actions of the Board of Supervisors to hire him. Such actions occurred at the annual
reorganization meetings for the years 2000 through 2004. The actions taken by Small are
delineated in Fact Finding 20. In addition, Small participated in the actions to set the pay
for the Township laborers that included Nathan. See Fact Finding 22.
Instead of approving employee payroll at monthly meetings of the Board of
Supervisors, supervisors sign the time sheets and two supervisors co -sign the Township
checks for the pay to the Township employees. Small co- signed numerous checks in
payment to his son, Nathan, as a Township laborer. See Fact Findings 24, 25.
Small also participated in the action to hire another one of his sons, Darren, as a
Township laborer at the January 2004 reorganizational meeting. Small cast the deciding
vote to hire Darren. In addition, Small as Road Master determined the number of hours
worked by Darren as a laborer. Small, as a Supervisor, Secretary /Treasurer and
Roadmaster, determined the rate of compensation to be paid to his son Darren as a
Township laborer. Finally, Small signed timesheets and co- signed checks in payment to
his son Darren. See, Fact Findings 32, 33.
Having highlighted the Stipulated Findings and issues before us, we shall now apply
the Ethics Act to determine the proper disposition of this case.
The parties' Consent Agreement sets forth a proposed resolution of the allegations
as follows:
"3. The Investigative Division will recommend the following in
relation to the above allegations:
a. That no violation of Section 1103(a) of the Public Official
and Employee Ethics Law, 65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a) occurred
in relation to Small's use of township equipment and
supplies for his personal use and any such use was de
minimis or authorized by the township; and
b. That a violation of Section 1103(a) of the Public Official
and Employee Ethics Law, 65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a) occurred
when Small participated in hiring his sons to perform
services for the Township Road Department; and
c. That a technical violation of Section 1103(a) of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Law, 65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a)
occurred when Small approved time sheets and
payments to his sons for services performed.
4. Small agrees to make payment in the amount of $2,000 in
settlement of this matter payable to the Commonwealth of
Small, 05 -009
Page 9
Pennsylvania and forwarded to the Pennsylvania State Ethics
Commission within thirty (30) days of the issuance of the final
adjudication in this matter.
5. Small agrees to abstain from participating in any matters relating
to employment of his sons or other family members by the
township."
Consent Agreement, ¶3, ¶4 and ¶5.
Regarding the utilization by Small of Township equipment and supplies for personal
use, such actions were uses of authority of office by Small as to the oxyacetylene tanks
that the Township had leased. But for the fact that Small was a supervisor, he would not
have been in a position to take such Township leased equipment to his personal residence
and utilize that equipment for personal purposes. The financial gain that Small received
through the use of authority of office was approximately $70. That private pecuniary
benefit inured to Small. Although all of the component elements to establish a violation of
Section 1103(a) are present in this case, there are two statutory exceptions to conflict
under the Ethics Act. One of those exceptions is the de minimis economic impact
exception. Since the private pecuniary benefit was only $70, such amount is within the
realm of the de minimis economic exclusion as enunciated by the courts. See, Bixler v.
S.E.C., 847 A.2d 785 (Pa. Commw. 2004). Accordingly, Small did not violate Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he used Township leased equipment for personal use in
that the financial gain received in the amount of $70 was de minimis.
As to the matter of the four loads of dirt that were delivered to the property of
Small's son, Nathan, there is no showing in the stipulated findings that there was any use
of authority of office by Small. The Township had a practice of offering excavated dirt to
Township residents within the area of excavation. There was no Township equipment
utilized to spread the dirt that was dumped on Nathan Small's property. Since there can
be no violation of the Ethics Act without a use of authority of office and since there is no
showing of any use of authority on the part of Small, we find that Small did not violate
Section 1103(a) regarding the dumping of four loads of dirt on his son's property in that
there was no use of authority of office by Small. See, McGuire and Marchitello v. SEC,
657 A.2d 1346 (Pa. Commw. 1995).
As to the hiring of Small's sons, Nathan and Darren, as Township employees, Small
participated in the actions to hire both of his sons. Such actions were uses of authority of
office. See, Juliante, Order 809. Such uses of authority of office resulted in pecuniary
benefits consisting of the compensation that Small's two sons received as Township
employees. The pecuniary benefits were private because there was no authorization in
law for Small to participate in the hiring of his sons. As noted, the private pecuniary
benefits inured to Small's two sons, who are members of his immediate family as that term
is defined under the Ethics Act. Hence, Small violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in
each instance when he participated in actions to hire his two sons, Nathan and Darren, as
Township employees. See, Rinehimer, Order 1216.
Lastly, Small also authorized payments to his two sons as Township employees. In
particular, Small signed timesheets and co- signed numerous Township checks in payment
to his sons for the services they performed as Township employees. Such actions were
uses of authority of office. The uses of authority of office by Small resulted in private
pecuniary benefits consisting of the compensation that his sons received as Township
employees. Accordingly, Small technically violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when
he signed timesheets and co- signed checks in payment to his two sons for services they
performed as Township employees. See, Schweinsberg, Order 940.
Small, 05 -009
Page 10
We would remind Small that as a public official, his future actions must comport with
the Ethics Act. In any instance of a conflict as to himself, an immediate family member or
business with which associated, Small must abstain from participation and observe the
disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
We determine that the Consent Agreement submitted by the parties sets forth the
proper disposition for this case, based upon our review as reflected in the above analysis
and the totality of the facts and circumstances. Accordingly, Small is directed to make
payment in the amount of $2,000 in settlement of this matter payable to the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania and forwarded to the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission within thirty
(30) days of the issuance of the final adjudication in this matter and abstain from
participating in any matters relating to the employment of his sons or other immediate
family members by the Township. Compliance with the foregoing will result in the closing
of this case with no further action by this Commission. Noncompliance will result in the
institution of an order enforcement action.
IV. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW:
1. Marvin Small, as a Forest Lake Township Supervisor in Susquehanna County, is a
public official subject to the provisions of Act 9 of 1989 as codified by Act 93 of
1998.
2. Small did not violate Section 1103(a) when he used Township leased equipment for
personal use in that the financial gain received in the amount of $70 was de
minimis.
3. Small did not violate Section 1103(a) regarding the dumping of four loads of dirt on
his son's property in that there was no use of authority of office by Small.
4. Small violated Section 1103(a) in each instance when he participated in actions to
hire his two sons, Nathan and Darren, as Township employees.
5. Small technically violated Section 1103(a) when he signed timesheets and co-
signed checks in payment to his two sons for services they performed as Township
employees.
In Re: Marvin Small
File Docket: 05 -009
Date Decided: 2/23/06
Date Mailed: 3/13/06
ORDER NO. 1391
1. Marvin Small, as a Forest Lake Township Supervisor in Susquehanna County, did
not violate Section 1103(a) when he used Township leased equipment for personal
use in that the financial gain received in the amount of $70 was de minimis.
2. Small did not violate Section 1103(a) regarding the dumping of four loads of dirt on
his son's property in that there was no use of authority of office by Small.
3. Small violated Section 1103(a) in each instance when he participated in actions to
hire his two sons, Nathan and Darren, as Township employees.
4. Small technically violated Section 1103(a) when he signed timesheets and co-
signed checks in payment to his two sons for services they performed as Township
employees.
5. Per the Consent Agreement of the parties, Small is directed to make payment in the
amount of $2,000 in settlement of this matter payable to the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania and forwarded to the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission within
thirty (30) days of the issuance of the final adjudication in this matter and abstain
from participating in any matters relating to the employment of his sons or other
immediate family members by the Township.
a. Compliance with the foregoing will result in the closing of this case with no
further action by this Commission.
b. Non - compliance will result in the institution of an order enforcement action.
BY THE COMMISSION,
Louis W. Fryman, Chair