HomeMy WebLinkAbout06-500 BalintDavid C. Balint, Deputy Controller
Office of the Controller
Greene County
93 E. High Street, Suite 110
Waynesburg, PA 15370
Dear Mr. Balint:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 3, 2006
06 -500
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; County Deputy Controller /Director of Auditing;
Employee of County Tax Claim Bureau; Purchasing Property At County Judicial
Sale or Tax Sale.
This responds to your letter of November 30, 2005, by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a county deputy
controller /director of auditing who also serves as an appointed employee of the county
tax claim bureau with regard to purchasing property at a county judicial sale or tax claim
upset sale.
Facts: As Deputy Controller /Director of Auditing of Greene County ( "County "),
you seek an advisory as to whether the Ethics Act would prohibit you from purchasing
property at a County judicial sale or tax claim upset sale. You have submitted a copy of
your job description, which is incorporated herein by reference.
You state that in addition to your position as County Deputy Controller /Director of
Auditing, you are also an appointed employee of the Greene County Tax Claim Bureau.
Your job responsibilities in this capacity include posting delinquent tax sale notices on
property in the boroughs of Rices Landing and Greenesboro, and in the townships of
Wayne, Whitely, Perry, Monongahela, Dunkard, and Greene. You state, "I concede this
would pose a problem, and [1] would refrain from bidding on property in a Tax Claim
Upset Sale that I had been involved in posting."
In addition, you are also an appointed, uncompensated member of the Zoning
Board of Waynesburg Borough. You are also a staff accountant at J.L. Burns &
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January 3, 2006
Page 2
Company, Treasurer of Washington St. United Methodist Church, and Treasurer of
Corner Cupboard (Greene County) Food Bank.
You state your belief that your position should not preclude you from participating
in the public auction of property through judicial or tax upset sales in that you do not
have the ability to use your position to influence the outcome of the auction. You further
state that you do not have access through any of your positions to any information that
is not available to the general public. You note that such auctions are advertised to the
general public "openly and notoriously," and are conducted by a licensed auctioneer in a
public forum.
You state that insofar that Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would apply to the
County Controller's Office's review of a contract, your supervisor, the elected Controller,
would conduct such reviews and you would abstain.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the
Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As Deputy Controller /Director of Auditing for Greene County ( "County "), you are
a "public official' as that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and hence you are subject to
the provisions of that Act. Further, as an appointed employee of the County Tax Claim
Bureau, you are a public official /public employee subject to the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
Balint, 06 -500
January 3, 2006
Page 3
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision of consulting or other services or of
supplies, materials, equipment, land or other personal or real
property. The term shall not mean an agreement or
arrangement between the State or political subdivision as
one party and a public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary,
wage, retirement or other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(f) Contract. - -No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or
his spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(f).
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental
body permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official /public
employee, his spouse or child, or a business with which he, his spouse or child is
associated, is otherwise appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with the
governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section 1103(f) requires that an
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January 3, 2006
Page 4
"open and public process" be observed as to the contract with the governmental body.
Pursuant to Section 1103(f), an "open and public process" includes:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor /applicant to be
able to prepare and present an application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals considered; and
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and accepted.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also requires that the public official /employee
may not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public official/
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the
disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Pavlovic, Opinion 02 -005.
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January 3, 2006
Page 5
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, pursuant
to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/
public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The Commission recognizes that public concern and criticism may arise if a
public official or public employee who serves a governmental body receives benefits
under a program or process which that governmental body administers. On the other
hand, the Ethics Act was not enacted nor should it be interpreted to preclude public
officials or public employees from participating in programs or processes which might
otherwise be available to them as citizens, as long as the restrictions of the Ethics Act
are observed. Wolff, Opinion 89 -030; Woodrinq, Opinion 90 -001.
In the instant matter, you are advised that Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act
would not preclude you as the County Deputy Controller /Director of Auditing or a
County Tax Claim Bureau employee from bidding on and purchasing real estate at tax
sales conducted by the County in compliance with the Pennsylvania Real Estate Tax
Sale Law conditioned upon the assumptions that: (1) there would be no use of the
authority of office or employment or confidential information for a private pecuniary
benefit of yourself, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or
a member of your immediate family is associated; and (2) there would be no improper
influence /understanding as prohibited by Section 1103(b) or Section 1103(c) of the
Ethics Act.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would apply as to any contract between you and
the County which would be valued at $500 or more. Section 1103(f) would prohibit you
in your capacity as the County Deputy Controller /Director of Auditing or a County Tax
Claim Bureau employee from having any supervisory or overall responsibility for the
implementation or administration of such a contract.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. This advice is also limited to the questions posed.
Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the County Code or the Real
Estate Tax Sale Law.
Conclusion: As the County Deputy Controller /Director of Auditing for Greene County
("County "), you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Further, as an appointed
employee of the County Tax Claim Bureau, you are a public official /public employee
subject to the Ethics Act. Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not preclude you as
the County Deputy Controller /Director of Auditing or a County Tax Claim Bureau
employee from bidding on and purchasing real estate at tax sales conducted by the
County in compliance with the Pennsylvania Real Estate Tax Sale Law conditioned
upon the assumptions that: (1) there would be no use of the authority of office or
employment or confidential information for a private pecuniary benefit of yourself, a
member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your
immediate family is associated; and (2) there would be no improper
influence /understanding as prohibited by Section 1103(b) or Section 1103(c) of the
Ethics Act. Section 1103(f) would prohibit you in your capacity as the County Deputy
Controller /Director of Auditing or a County Tax Claim Bureau employee from having any
supervisory or overall responsibility for the implementation or administration of such a
contract. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Act.
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January 3, 2006
Page 6
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel