HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-602 McMahonRaymond W. McMahon
211 Constitution Avenue
Bradford, PA 16701
Dear Mr. McMahon:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 6, 2005
05 -602
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Executive Director; Office of
Economic and Community Development, City.
This responds to your letter of October 31, 2005 by which you requested an
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. 1101 et seq., presents any restrictions upon employment of an Executive
Director following termination of service with the Office of Economic and Community
Development of the City of Bradford.
Facts: You have been employed as the Executive Director for the Office of
Economic and Community Development ( "OECD ") of the City of Bradford ( "City ") for
approximately twenty years. You report directly to the Mayor of Bradford. Your job
responsibilities include planning, implementing and managing of a wide variety of
economic and community development activities undertaken in the Bradford area. You
have submitted a copy of your job description, which is incorporated herein by
reference.
In addition to the above, you are the Secretary of the Bradford Economic
Development Corporation and the McKean County Economic Development Council, two
non - profit economic development corporations, the McKean County Industrial
Development Authority, and the McKean County Hospital Authority. You state that you
have not been appointed by the Mayor or City Council to any of the foregoing entities.
Staff of the OECD provides services to the Bradford Economic Development
Corporation, the McKean County Economic Development Council, the McKean County
Industrial Development Authority, and the McKean County Hospital Authority, for which
the OECD receives compensation. Such services include attending meetings,
undertaking various assignments, and coordinating activities.
You are also part of the Impact Bradford 11 Planning Group, which is planning a
major community and economic development initiative called Impact Bradford 11. The
Impact Bradford 11 Planning Group consists of representatives of Zippo Manufacturing
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December 6, 2005
Page 2
Company, Bradford Regional Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh Bradford,
Bradford Area School District, and American Refining Group. You state that you
previously worked with this planning group as Executive Director of OECD.
In January 2006, you plan to retire from the City. In February 2006, you will be
employed as Economic Development Director for McKean County ("County') and you
will report to the County Commissioners.
Based upon the foregoing facts, you pose the following eight inquiries:
1. Whether you would be prohibited from making any representations to the Mayor
or City Council of the City of Bradford during the one -year period of restricted activity;
2. Whether you would be prohibited from making any representations to employees
of OECD during the one -year period of restricted activity;
3. Whether you would be permitted to respond to questions or requests for
information from OECD employees who would contact you about various projects that
you worked on during your employment as OECD Executive Director;
4. Whether you may continue to remain on the boards of the Bradford Economic
Development Corporation, the McKean County Economic Development Council, the
McKean County Industrial Development Authority, and the McKean County Hospital
Authority, and whether you may engage in discussions with the OECD staff with respect
to the business of those entities during the one -year period of restricted activity.
5. Whether you would be permitted to be actively involved in helping OECD with
coordinating a community based fund drive to support the restoration of Old City Hall,
which fund drive would be supported by the Mayor and City Council;
6. Whether as the Economic Development Director for McKean County, you would
be permitted to work with the Impact Bradford 11 Planning Group provided that during
the one -year period, you would not make any presentations to the Mayor, City Council
or to OECD;
7. Whether you would be permitted to continue to remain a member of the Impact
Bradford 11 Planning Group and coordinate the planning of Impact Bradford 11 even if the
OECD is part of the planning group; and
8. Whether as the Economic Development Director for McKean County, you may
access information available in the files of the OECD through direct contact with OECD
staff or through another County employee a County Commissioner.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As the Executive Director for the Office of Economic and Community
Development ( "OECD ") of the City of Bradford ( "City "), you would be considered a
"public employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. This conclusion is based
upon the job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly
that the power exists to take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature
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December 6, 2005
Page 3
with respect to one or more of the following: contracting; procurement; planning;
inspecting; administering or monitoring grants; leasing; regulating; auditing; or other
activities where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of
another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official /public
employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before the governmental body with
which he has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
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December 6, 2005
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the former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service. Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former ublic
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official /public employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/
public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities.
However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee is or has
been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or other
governmental body where the public official /public employee had influence or control
but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No.
15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon termination of
public service would be the City in its entirety including, but not limited to, OECD.
Therefore, for the first year after termination of service with the City, Section 1103(g) of
the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before the City.
See, Gagliardo, Order 1369.
Having established the restrictions of Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act, your
specific inquiries shall now be addressed.
In response to your first and second questions, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would prohibit you from making representations before the Mayor, City Council, and
OECD during the one -year period of restricted activity;
In response to your third question, you would not be permitted to respond to
questions or requests for information from OECD employees who would contact you
about various projects that you worked on during your employment as OECD Executive
Director because you would be engaging in prohibited representation contrary to
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
In response to your fourth question, you may continue to remain on the boards of
the Bradford Economic Development Corporation, the McKean County Economic
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December 6, 2005
Page 5
Development Council, the McKean County Industrial Development Authority, and the
McKean County Hospital Authority and engage in discussions with the OECD staff with
respect to the business of those entities during the one -year period of restricted activity
as long as such discussions are without promised or actual compensation.
In response to your fifth question, Section 1103(g) would not prohibit you from
helping OECD with coordinating a community based fund drive to support the
restoration of Old City Hall assuming your participation would take place separate and
apart from your employment and would occur without promised or actual compensation.
In response to your sixth question, as the Economic Development Director for
McKean County, you would be permitted to work with the Impact Bradford 11 Planning
Group provided that during the one -year period, you would not have any prohibited
interaction or contact with the Mayor, City Council or OECD.
In response to your seventh question, you would be permitted to continue to
remain a member of the Impact Bradford 11 Planning Group and coordinate the planning
of Impact Bradford 11 so long as your activities as a planning group member would not
involve prohibited interaction or contact with OECD. It would appear impossible, as a
practical matter, for you to avoid such prohibited interaction or contact with OECD if
OECD would be part of the planning group.
In response to your eighth question, as the Economic Development Director for
McKean County, Section 1103(g) would prohibit you during the one -year period from
directly contacting OECD staff to access non - public information available in the files of
the OECD. As noted above, Section 1103(g) would not prohibit you from making a
general informational inquiry to OECD to secure information that is available to the
general public as long as you would not be attempting to indirectly influence OECD or to
otherwise make known to OECD the representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not restrict you from contacting another County
employee a County Commissioner to access OECD information, whether that
information would be public or non - public.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 1103(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no
use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the
Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /public employee
and no public official /public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value
based upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /public employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these
provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation, or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As the Executive Director for the Office of Economic and
Community Development ( "OECD ") of the City of Bradford "City "), you would be
considered a "public employee" as defined in the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Upon termination of service with the
OECD, you would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the
Ethics Act. The former governmental body would be the City in its entirety including, but
not limited to, OECD.
McMahon, 05 -602
December 6, 2005
Page 6
The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed. The
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel