HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-593 WatsonRobert W. Watson, Ph.D., PE
Department of Energy and Geo- Environmental Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University
110 Hosier Building
University Park, 16802 -5000
Re: Public Official; Statement of Financial Interests; Member; Oil and Gas Technical
Advisory Board.
Dear Mr. Watson:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 15, 2005
The term "public official" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
05 -593
This responds to your letter dated September 29, 2005, by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether a member of the Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board would be
considered a "public official" subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (the
"Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission, and particularly, the requirements for filing Statements of Financial
Interests.
Facts: You are a member of the Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board ( "Board ").
You state that the Board was created by statute for the explicit purpose of providing to
the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection ( "DEP ") Bureau of Oil and
Gas Management input on technical issues that might impact the oil and gas industry in
the Commonwealth. You contend that Board Members are exempted from filing
Statements of Financial Interests ( "SFIs ") because they fit within the exclusion for
"members of advisory boards that have no authority to expend public funds other than
reimbursement for personal expense, or to otherwise exercise the power of the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision thereof." 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code §
11.1. You ask the State Ethics Commission to issue a notice that Board Members are
exempt from filing SFIs.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Watson /Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board, 05 -593
November 15, 2005
Page 2
§ 1102. Definitions
"Public official." Any person elected by the public or
elected or appointed by a governmental body or an
appointed official in the executive, legislative or judicial
branch of this Commonwealth or any political subdivision
thereof, provided that it shall not include members of
advisory boards that have no authority to expend public
funds other than reimbursement for personal expense or to
otherwise exercise the power of the State or any political
subdivision thereof.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1102.
The regulations of the State Ethics Commission similarly define the term "public
official" and set forth the following additional criteria that are used to determine whether
the advisory board exception applies:
(i) The following criteria will be used to determine if
the exception in this paragraph is applicable:
(A) The body will be deemed to have the power to
expend public funds if the body may commit funds or may
otherwise make payment of monies, enter into contracts,
invest funds held in reserves, make loans or grants, borrow
money, issue bonds, employ staff, purchase, lease, acquire
or sell real or personal property without the consent or
approval of the governing body and the effect of the power to
expend public funds has a greater than de minimis economic
impact on the interest of a person.
(B) The body will be deemed to have the authority to
otherwise exercise the power of the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision if one of the following exists:
(1) The body makes binding decisions or orders
adjudicating substantive issues which are appealable to a
body or person other than the governing authority.
(11) The body exercises a basic power of
government and performs essential governmental functions.
(111) The governing authority is bound by statute or
ordinance to accept and enforce the rulings of the body.
(IV) The body may compel the governing authority to
act in accordance with the body's decisions or restrain the
governing authority from acting contrary to the body's
decisions.
(V) The body makes independent decisions which
are effective without approval of the governing authority.
(VI) The body may adopt, amend and repeal
resolutions, rules, regulations or ordinances.
(VII) The body has the power of eminent domain or
condemnation.
Watson /Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board, 05 -593
November 15, 2005
Page 3
(VIII)The enabling legislation of the body indicates
that the body is established for exercising public powers of
the Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
(ii) The term does not include judges and inspectors
of elections, notary publics and political party officers.
(iii) The term generally includes persons in the
following offices:
(A) Incumbents of offices filled by nomination of the
Governor and confirmation of the Senate.
(B) Heads of executive, legislative and independent
agencies, boards and commissions.
(C) Members of agencies, boards and commissions
appointed by the General Assembly or its officers.
(D) Persons appointed to positions designated as
officers by the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions.
(E) Members of municipal, industrial development,
housing, parking and similar authorities.
(F) Members of zoning hearing boards and similar
quasi - judicial bodies.
(G) Members of the public bodies meeting the
criteria in paragraph (i)(A).
51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
It is administratively noted that the Oil and Gas Act, 58 P.S. § 601.101 et seq.
provides in pertinent part as follows:
§ 601.216. Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board
(d) The [D]epartment of [Environmental Protection]
shall consult with the board in the formulation, drafting and
presentation stages of all regulations of a technical nature
promulgated under this act. The board shall be given a
reasonable opportunity to review and comment on all
regulations of a technical nature prior to submission to the
Environmental Quality Board for initial consideration. The
written report of the board shall be presented to the
Environmental Quality Board with any regulatory proposal.
The chairman of the board shall be invited to participate in
the presentation of all regulations of a technical nature
before the Environmental Quality Board to the extent allowed
by procedures of the Environmental Quality Board. Nothing
herein shall preclude any member of the board from filing a
petition for rulemaking with the Environmental Quality Board
in accordance with procedures established by the
Environmental Quality Board.
58 P.S. § 601.216.(d).
Watson /Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board, 05 -593
November 15, 2005
Page 4
In applying the Ethics Act's definition of "public official," the first portion of the
definition provides that a public official is a person who is: (1) elected by the public; (2)
elected or appointed by a governmental body; or (3) an appointed official in the
executive, legislative or judicial branch of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or a
political subdivision of the Commonwealth. Muscalus, Opinion 02 -007. When the first
portion of the definition is met, one's status as a public official subject to the Ethics Act
is established, unless the exclusion for members of purely advisory boards is
applicable. 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102. Eiben, Opinion 04 -002.
The fact that Members of the Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board are
appointed by the Governor satisfies the first portion of the definition. See, Cohen,
Opinion 03 -006. The remaining question is whether the exclusion for members of
purely advisory boards is applicable.
Pursuant to Section 601.216.(d) of the Oil and Gas Act, Members of the Oil and
Gas Technical Advisory Board have the authority to, inter alia, review and comment on
all regulations of a technical nature prior to submission to the Environmental Quality
Board for initial consideration; participate in the presentation of all regulations of a
technical nature before the Environmental Quality Board; and file a petition for
rulemaking with the Environmental Quality Board. It is noted that participation in the
rulemaking petition process is not limited to members of the Oil and Gas Technical
Advisory Board, but is available to the general public. See, 25 Pa. Code § 23. In
reviewing the foregoing statutory powers, the necessary conclusion is that the Oil and
Gas Technical Advisory Board is an advisory board. Additionally, the Oil and Gas
Technical Advisory Board lacks any authority under the Oil and Gas Act to expend
public funds other than reimbursement for personal expense. 58 P.S. § 601.216.(b).
Based upon the above, the necessary conclusion is that as a member of the Oil
and Gas Technical Advisory Board, you are not considered a "public official" subject to
the Ethics Act or the Regulations of this Commission, and you are not subject to the
requirements for filing Statements of Financial Interests pursuant to the Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed course of conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a member of the Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board, you are not
considered a "public official" subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (the
"Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., or the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission, 51 Pa. Code § 11.1 et seq., and you are not subject to the requirements
for filing Statements of Financial Interests pursuant to the Ethics Act.
Act.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Watson /Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board, 05 -593
November 15, 2005
Page 5
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel