HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-590 CONFIDENTIALRe: Simultaneous Service, A and E.
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 7, 2005
05 -590
This responds to your letter of October 3, 2005, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., imposes any prohibition or restrictions upon an A from
simultaneously serving as an E.
Facts: You are currently "employed" full -time as an A for B Township, C County.
You have submitted a copy of a job description for an A that you obtained from the D
Department's website, which document is incorporated herein by reference.
You are also a candidate for E for November 2005. You ask whether you may
simultaneously serve as an A for the B Township and an E.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As an A, an employee position with B Township, C County, you are a "public
employee" subject to the Ethics Act. Further, if you would win the election for E, upon
assuming office, you would be considered a "public official" subject to the provisions of
that Act. 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted Activities
(a) Conflict of interest. —No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
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(j) Voting conflict. —Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms pertaining to conflicts of interest under the Ethics Act are
defined as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public official
or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the question of simultaneous
service, it is initially noted that the General Assembly has the constitutional power to
declare by law which offices are incompatible. Pa. Const. Art. 6, § 2. There does not
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appear to be any statutorily - declared incompatibility precluding simultaneous service in
the positions in question.
Turning to the question of conflict of interest, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from using the authority of
public office /employment or confidential information received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
Where simultaneous service would place the public official /public employee in a
continual state of conflict, such as where in one position he would be accounting to
himself in another position on a continual basis, there would be an inherent conflict.
(See, McCain, Opinion 02 -009). Where an inherent conflict would exist, it would appear
to be impossible, as a practical matter, for the public official /public employee to function
in the conflicting positions without running afoul of Section 1103(a).
Absent a statutorily - declared incompatibility or an inherent conflict under Section
1103(a), the Ethics Act would not preclude an individual from simultaneously serving in
more than one position, but in each instance of a conflict of interest, the individual would
be required to abstain and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) as
set forth above.
In this case, based upon the facts that have been submitted, there does not
appear to be an inherent conflict that would preclude simultaneous service as an A, an
employee position with the B Township and an E. Consequently, such simultaneous
service would be permitted within the parameters of Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j).
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As an A, an employee position with B Township, C County, you are
a "public employee" subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Act ( "Ethics Act'), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Further, if you would win the election for
E, upon assuming office, you would be considered a "public official" subject to that Act.
You may, consistent with Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, simultaneously serve as A
for the B Township and E, subject to the restrictions, conditions and qualifications set
forth above. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed course of conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be received
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at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such
an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel
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