HomeMy WebLinkAboutBeck BeckADVICE OF COUNSEL
October 27, 2005
Carole N. Beck, Vice - Chairman
North Franklin Township Board of Supervisors
North Franklin Township
620 Franklin Farms Road
Washington, PA 15301
Dear Ms. Beck:
05 -588
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Vice - Chairman, Board of Supervisors; Second
Class Township; Immediate Family; Son; Tie Vote; Three - Member Board.
This responds to your letter of October 3, 2005, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a township
supervisor on a three- member board with regard to participating in issues pertaining to
the buyout of her son's contract with the township where a deadlock occurs between the
two other supervisors.
Facts: As Vice - Chairman of the Board of Supervisors ( "Board ") of North Franklin
Township ( "Township "), you seek an advisory from the State Ethics Commission. You
have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
The Township is a township of the second class with a three - member board.
You state that your son is employed and under contract with the Township as the
Township Administrator. You indicate that there are issues pertaining to the buyout of
your son's contract. The question you pose is whether you may vote to break a tie on
this issue if you disclose your interest both verbally and in writing prior to the vote.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the
Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
Beck, 05 -588
October 27, 2005
Page 2
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As Vice - Chairman of the Board of Supervisors ( "Board ") for North Franklin
Township ( "Township "), you are a public official as that term is defined in the Ethics Act,
and hence you are subject to the provisions of that Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
Beck, 05 -588
October 27, 2005
Page 3
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public official/
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the
disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Pavlovic, Opinion 02 -005.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, pursuant
to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/
public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
In the instant case, your son is clearly a member of your immediate family.
Based upon the submitted facts, you would generally have a conflict of interest under
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters that would financially benefit yourself or
your son. You would specifically have a conflict of interest in issues pertaining to the
buyout of your son's contract. However, you would still be permitted to participate
under certain limited circumstances delineated below.
In Garner, Opinion 93 -004, the Commission considered the issue of whether,
under Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law, a supervisor on a three member board would be
permitted to second a motion even if he had a conflict where the two remaining
supervisors would have opposing views or where one of the remaining two members
would be absent from the meeting.
Beck, 05 -588
October 27, 2005
Page 4
Citing Juliante, Order 809, the Commission first noted that seconding a motion is
a use of authority of office. Hence an individual with a conflict would not be permitted to
participate, make a motion, second a motion, or vote. See, Garner, supra. However,
the Commission also stated:
[T]he General Assembly in enacting Section 3(j) would not have
allowed a public official /employee on a three member board who has a
conflict to be able to vote unless a second to the motion could be made so
that the matter would be in the posture for a vote. Thus, we believe that
since there is a need for a second to a motion in order to make Section
3(j) of the Ethics Law operative, the General Assembly intended as to
three members [sic] boards for the public official with a conflict to be
allowed to second so that if the other supervisors became deadlocked, the
public official could then vote provided the disclosure requirements are
satisfied.
Garner, at 6.
In light of the foregoing, the Commission concluded that Section 3(j) of the Ethics
Law does allow an individual to second a motion where the two remaining supervisors
have opposing views or where one of the other two supervisors is absent. The
Commission emphasized that its ruling was expressly limited in its application to three
member boards and to the question of seconding a motion.
Applying Garner to the instant matter, under Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act,
you would be permitted to second a motion only in a situation where, on a three
member board, 1) the two remaining Supervisors would have opposing views; or 2) one
of the other two Supervisors would be absent from the meeting. Allowing you to second
the motion in either of the above scenarios would put the matter in a posture for a vote.
Thereafter, if the other two supervisors cast opposing votes, you would be permitted to
vote to break the tie provided you satisfied the disclosure requirements of Sections
1103(j).
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Second Class Township Code.
Conclusion: As Vice - Chairman of the Board of Supervisors ( "Board ") for North Franklin
Township "Township "), you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Your son is
clearly a member of your immediate family. Based upon the submitted facts, you would
generally have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters
that would financially benefit yourself or your son. You would specifically have a conflict
of interest in issues pertaining to the buyout of your son's contract. However, you would
still be permitted to participate as follows. Under Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act, you
would be permitted to second a motion only in a situation where, on a three member
board, 1) the two remaining Supervisors would have opposing views; or 2) one of the
other two Supervisors would be absent from the meeting. Allowing you to second the
motion in either of the above scenarios would put the matter in a posture for a vote.
Thereafter, if the other two supervisors cast opposing votes, you would be permitted to
vote to break the tie provided you satisfied the disclosure requirements of Sections
1103(j). Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
Beck, 05 -588
October 27, 2005
Page 5
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel