HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-565 ConfidentialRe: Simultaneous Service, C and G.
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 21, 2005
05 -565
This responds to your letter of June 15, 2005, by which you requested a
confidential advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., imposes any prohibition or restrictions upon a county C from
simultaneously being employed as a G.
Facts: As A for County B, you seek a confidential advisory from the State Ethics
ommission. You have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
At the present time, you are acting in place of the current elected C, who is off
due to illness. Your office is physically located in your residence. In addition, you
currently work full -time as the D of the E in F, Pennsylvania.
In May, you won the nominations of both the Republican and Democratic parties
in County B for the Office C. You state that given the lack of opposition for the position,
you are essentially assured of election. You further state that once you become C, you
plan to leave your full -time position at the E.
You are considering seeking part -time employment at the County B F as a G (a
union position) in January. Because the positions of C and G are employment
positions, you ask whether there is any statute or ruling that prohibits you from holding
both positions simultaneously. In this regard, you state that you have heard from
numerous people that such simultaneous service would be prohibited. You note,
however, that no one has ever produced solid evidence that such prohibition is based in
statute or ethics. Therefore, you seek guidance from the State Ethics Commission as to
whether you may simultaneously serve in the positions of C for County B and G at the
County B F.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
Confidential Advice, 05 -565
July 21, 2005
Page 2
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Upon winning the election for the Office C for County B, you would be a public
official /public employee as those terms are defined in the Ethics Act and hence you
would be subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code §
11.1.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted Activities
(a) Conflict of interest. —No public official or
public employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a
conflict of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. —Where voting conflicts are
not otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania
or by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the
following procedure shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his official duties
would be required to vote on a matter that would result in a
conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the
vote being taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature
of his interest as a public record in a written memorandum
filed with the person responsible for recording the minutes of
the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any
action on a matter before it because the number of members
of the body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority or other legally
required vote of approval unattainable, then such members
shall be permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a three - member
governing body of a political subdivision, where one member
has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have
cast opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall
be permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms pertaining to conflicts of interest under the Ethics Act are
defined as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
Confidential Advice, 05 -565
July 21, 2005
Page 3
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the question of simultaneous
service, it is initially noted that the General Assembly has the constitutional power to
declare by law which offices are incompatible. Pa. Const. Art. 6, § 2. There does not
appear to be any statutorily - declared incompatibility precluding simultaneous service in
the positions in question.
Turning to the question of conflict of interest, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from using the authority of
public office /employment or confidential information received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. In the instant case, it would appear highly unlikely that
a conflict of interest would arise out of simultaneously serving as C for County B and G
at the County B F. However, in the event you would have a conflict, you would be
required to abstain from participating and to fully satisfy the disclosure requirements of
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act. See, McConahy, Opinion 96 -006, (where the
Commission discussed potential conflicts involving a Communications
Supervisor/Telecommunicator for a County 911 Emergency Communications Center).
Where simultaneous service would place the public official /public employee in a
continual state of conflict, such as where in one position he would be accounting to
himself in another position on a continual basis, there would be an inherent conflict.
(See, McCain, Opinion 02 -009). Where an inherent conflict would exist, it would appear
to be impossible, as a practical matter, for the public official /public employee to function
in the conflicting positions without running afoul of Section 1103(a).
Absent a statutorily - declared incompatibility or an inherent conflict under Section
1103(a), the Ethics Act would not preclude an individual from simultaneously serving in
more than one position, but in each instance of a conflict of interest, the individual would
be required to abstain and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) as
set forth above.
In this case, based upon the facts which have been submitted, there does not
appear to be an inherent conflict that would preclude simultaneous service as a C for
County B and G at the County B F. Consequently, such simultaneous service would be
permitted within the parameters of Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j).
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Upon winning the election for the C for County B, you would be a
"public official /employee" subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. You may, consistent with Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act, simultaneously serve in the positions of C for County B and G
Confidential Advice, 05 -565
July 21, 2005
Page 4
at the County B F, subject to the restrictions, conditions and qualifications set forth
above. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed course of conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such
an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel