HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-563 YeagerADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 15, 2005
David Yeager, Director
Governor's Action Team
Department of Community & Economic Development
400 North Street, 4th Floor
Commonwealth Keystone Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120 -0225
05 -563
Re: Former Public Official /Public Employee; Section 1103(); Executive -Level State
Employee; Section 1103(i); Director of the Governor's Action Team; Department
of Community & Economic Development.
Dear Mr. Yeager:
This responds to your submission of June 8, 2005, by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., presents any restrictions upon employment of a Director of the
Governor's Action Team following termination of service with the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania Department of Community & Economic Development.
Facts: You are currently employed as the Director of the Governor's Action Team
70/1") in the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development
("DCED"). You report directly to the Secretary of DCED.
As Director of the GAT, you manage a staff of approximately 30 individuals. You
state that the purpose of your group is to work directly with private sector company
executives or their consultants to relocate or expand current facilities in the state for
economic development purposes. Your group evaluates each project individually to
determine the project validity and its impact upon the region and the state's economy.
Key components to each evaluation include the company's capital investment, the
creation of jobs, and the retention of jobs. Following analysis, your group recommends
appropriate incentive packages of predetermined DCED programs for approval by the
DCED Secretary as an inducement for the company to commit to the project in
Pennsylvania. You state that GAT's role is as a facilitator between the company and
the individual DCED programs the company may be able to utilize.
Yeager, 05 -563
July 15, 2005
Page 2
You state that the decisions you make are relative to the recommendations you
receive from your staff. You describe your staff as the front line "development
specialists" working with the individual companies.
You review and approve your staff's recommendations, which recommendations
are then routed to the DCED Secretary. The Secretary makes his decisions on funding
based upon direct feedback from the Governor. Once the funding is approved by the
Governor and the Secretary, your team drafts "offer letters" that are signed by the
Secretary and mailed to the companies.
You state that you have no decision - making authority in awarding DCED
subsidies.
Your team works primarily with the following DCED programs in your offer letters
to companies: Opportunity Grant Program; Customized Job Training; Job Creation Tax
Credits; Machinery and Equipment Fund; Infrastructure Development Program; and
PIDA and PEDFA loan programs.
You state that you work directly with executives of specific businesses and their
consultants. You maintain that you have no authority over any of the DCED program
offices that are responsible to negotiate contracts with the individual companies and the
programs they administer.
You have submitted a copy of your job description, which is incorporated herein
by reference. The duties and responsibilities set forth in your job description include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Determining goals, objectives and priorities for
economic development initiatives; coordinating the
establishment, maintenance and expansion of
business enterprises throughout the state; and
assisting with averting economic dislocations of
businesses;
(2) Meeting with federal, state and local officials,
economic development groups, regulatory agencies
and corporate officials to discuss and resolve
controversial issues and concerns and develop
incentive packages to encourage the establishment or
expansion of business enterprises in the state;
Coordinating activities among other DCED programs
and between agencies to ensure the attainment of
statewide economic development partnership
strategies, goals and objectives;
(4) Identifying, qualifying and performing due diligence on
projects in order to recommend appropriate incentive
packages for approval by the DCED Secretary and
the Governor;
Working directly with company executives looking to
relocate or expand current facilities in the state to
evaluate and determine the project validity and its
impact to the region and the overall Pennsylvania
economy;
(3)
(5)
Yeager, 05 -563
July 15, 2005
Page 3
(6) Leading the negotiation of state financial incentive
packages with company executives in preparation for
the recommended approval;
Working directly with real estate representatives,
developers and local economic development
agencies to identify available sites and buildings
meeting the company's requirements and
coordinating and /or supervising site and building
tours;
(8) Providing and /or supervising assistance to the client
to valuate workforce availability, utility service and
infrastructure including transportation, water and
sewer, and the like, building the project portfolio
supporting the location for attraction and /or
expansion;
Coordinating the involvement of all additional
Commonwealth agencies in the economic
development projects including but not limited to
environmental permitting, transportation
improvements, workforce training and business tax
issues to provide accurate and prompt service to the
company; and
(10) Coordinating the preparation of responses to
Requests for Proposals from site selection
consultants and /or company executives as
appropriate.
You plan to terminate your service with DCED in the near future. You have not
made any decision with regard to future employment. Based upon the foregoing facts,
you seek an advisory as to the post - employment restrictions that would apply to you.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the
Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As Director of the Governor's Action Team ( "GAT ") for DCED, you would be
considered a public official /public employee and an "executive -level State employee"
subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65
Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. Consequently, upon termination of public service,
you would become a former public official /public employee and a former executive -level
State employee subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the
Ethics Act.
(7)
(
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two
Yeager, 05 -563
July 15, 2005
Page 4
years from the time that he terminates employment with this
Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a business
or corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this
Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to expand an existent
plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the
above prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment
or inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money
or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(i). (See, Confidential Opinion, 94 -011 (determining that active
participation would mean taking part through an actual exercise of power or discretion,
and would not include mere presence or passive involvement through the non -
discretionary performance of a perfunctory function)).
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination
of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 1103(i)
apply even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in
question is a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See,
Confidential Opinion No. 94 -011.
You are advised that based upon your job duties with the GAT, Section 1103(i) of
the Ethics Act would apply to you and would restrict you from being employed by,
receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for a
business or a corporation that you actively participated in recruiting to Pennsylvania or
that you actively participated in inducing to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in
Pennsylvania, through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of
money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the business or corporation.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official /public employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does
restrict the former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a
"person" before the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
Yeager, 05 -563
July 15, 2005
Page 5
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former ublic
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official /public employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
Yeager, 05 -563
July 15, 2005
Page 6
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control but
extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at
290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon termination of
public service would be DCED in its entirety including, but not limited to, the GAT.
Therefore, for the first year after termination of your service with DCED, Section 1103(g)
of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before DCED.
Based upon the facts that have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1103(g) and 1103(i) only. It is expressly assumed that there has
been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c)
of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: Upon termination of service as Director of the Governor's Action
Team ( "GAT ") with the Pennsylvania Department of Community & Economic
Development (`DCED "), you would become a former public official /public employee and
a former executive -level State employee subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g)
and Section 1103(i) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Based upon your job duties with the GAT, Section 1103(i) of the
Ethics Act would apply to you and would restrict you from being employed by, receiving
compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for a business or a
corporation that you actively participated in recruiting to Pennsylvania or that you
actively participated in inducing to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in
Pennsylvania, through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of
money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the business or corporation. With
regard to Section 1103(g), the restrictions as outlined above must be followed. The
former governmental body would be DCED in its entirety, including but not limited to,
the GAT. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct
in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Yeager, 05 -563
July 15, 2005
Page 7
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel