HomeMy WebLinkAbout25-510 BarbourPHONE: 717-783-1610
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To the Requester:
Megan Barbour
Dear Ms. Barbour:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 3, 2025
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.roa.Qov
25-510
This responds to your letter received February 26, 2025, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ("Commission"), seeking guidance as
to the issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act"), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
sec .., would impose restrictions upon you with regard to performing work for your new
employer, the Pennsylvania Healthcare Association, following termination of your
employment as the Director of the Long -Term Care Transformation Office within the
Pennsylvania Department of Health ("Department of Health").
Brief Answer: YES. During the first year following termination of your Commonwealth
employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict you from
performing any job duties that would involve "representing" a "person" including but
not limited to your new employer, the Pennsylvania Healthcare Association before your
"former governmental body," the Department of Health.
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
You are employed as the Director of the Long -Term Care Transformation Office within
the Department of Health. You have submitted a copy of the job classification specifications for
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March 3, 2025
Page 2
your position with the Department of Health (job code 34665), which document is incorporated
herein by reference.
You will be leaving your Commonwealth employment to begin employment as the
Director of Government Affairs for the Pennsylvania Healthcare Association ("Association"). The
Association represents the interests of long-term care facilities, including personal care homes,
assisted living facilities, and skilled nursing facilities. In your role with the Association, you will
represent the interests of long-term care facilities before the executive and legislative branches of
Pennsylvania state government.
You seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions
upon you with regard to performing work for the Association following termination of your
Commonwealth employment. In particular, you ask whether you would be required to abstain
from engaging with the Department of Health or other government entities for any period of time.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevantto the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
The post -employment restrictions of Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act apply to former
public officials/public employees. While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official/public employee from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former
public official/public employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental
body with which he has been associated":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. --No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with promised
or actual compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he leaves that
body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
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March 3, 2025
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"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in any
activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following: personal
appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club
or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The governmental
body within State government or a political subdivision by which
the public official or employee is or has been employed or to which
the public official or employee is or has been appointed or elected
and subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses. It also includes the former public official/public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93-005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
The term "represent" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person in
any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3) submission of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89-005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body, constitutes an
attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also generally prohibits the
inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that
existed prior to termination of service with such governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012.
However, if such a pre-existing contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee
worked, the name of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by
the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion
95-011.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public employee
may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The former
public official/public employee may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not
be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude
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March 3, 2025
Page 4
making general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information
which is available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/public employee
is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities. However, the "governmental
body with which a public official/public employee is or has been associated" is not limited to the
particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental body where the public official/public
employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of
House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006; Sharp Opinion 90-009-R.
Conclusion:
As the Director of the Long -Term Care Transformation Office within the Department of
Health, you are a "public employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State
Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. This conclusion is based upon
the job classification specifications for your Commonwealth position (job code 34665), which
when reviewed on an objective basis, indicate clearly that the power exists to take or recommend
official action of a non -ministerial nature with respect to one or more of the following: contracting;
procurement; administering or monitoring grants or subsidies; planning or zoning; inspecting;
licensing; regulating; auditing; or other activity(ies) where the economic impact is greater than de
minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of your Commonwealth employment, you would become
a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The governmental body
with which you would be deemed to have been associated upon termination of your
Commonwealth employment would be the Department of Health in its entirety, including the
Long -Term Care Transformation Office. Therefore, for the first year following termination of
your Commonwealth employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict you
from representing a "person" including but not limited to your new employer, the Association
before your former governmental body, the Department of Health. The restrictions as to
representation outlined above must be followed.
You are advised that during the first year following termination of your Commonwealth
employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from performing any j ob duties
in your new role as the Director of Government Affairs for the Association that would involve
prohibited representation of the Association before the Department of Health. Section 1103(g)
would not prohibit you from engaging with government entities other than the Department of
Health subject to the condition that in so doing, you would not perform any activity that would
constitute prohibited representation of the Association before the Department of Health.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered.
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March 3, 2025
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel