HomeMy WebLinkAbout25-508 SheaPHONE: 717-783-1610
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To the Requester:
Nancy Shea
Dear Ms. Shea:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
February 25, 2025
25-508
This responds to your letter dated February 15, 2025, by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ("Commission"), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
Facts:
Whether an individual serving as an alternate Member of the Millcreek Township
Government Study Commission would be considered a public official subject to the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act"), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et sec ., and
particularly, the requirements for filing Statements of Financial Interests.
Brief Answer: YES. Although the Ethics Act's definition of the term "public official"
excludes members of purely advisory boards lacking authority to expend public funds other
than reimbursement for personal expense, the Members and alternate Members of the
Millcreek Township Government Study Commission do not fall under this exclusion
because the Millcreek Township Government Study Commission has the authority under
the Home Rule Charter and Optional Plans Law, 53 Pa.C.S. § 2901 et sec ., to expend public
funds by appointing paid consultants and clerical and other assistants. Therefore, an
individual serving as an alternate Member of the Millcreek Township Government Study
Commission is a public official subject to the Ethics Act and the requirements for filing
Statements of Financial Interests.
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon the following submitted facts.
You were recently appointed as an alternate Member of the Millcreek Township
Government Study Commission ("Study Commission"). The Study Commission is tasked with
studying the current three -Supervisor form of government of Millcreek Township ("Township")
Shea, 25-508
February 25, 2025
Page 2
to determine whether a different form of government would better suit the Township and to make
recommendations to the Township's voters. You are fourth in the line of succession of the named
alternate Members of the Study Commission. Alternate Members do not participate in the
government study meetings and have no voting power. Alternate Members are permitted to serve
on committees, and you serve on the Outreach Committee, which assists with informing Township
residents on the existence and progress of the Study Commission.
The question that is posed by your advisory request is whether, as an alternate Member of
the Study Commission, you are a public official subject to the Ethics Act and in particular, the
requirements for filing Statements of Financial Interests.
It is administratively noted that the Study Commission was established when the Township
voters elected the seven Members of the Study Commission pursuant to the Home Rule Charter
and Optional Plans Law, 53 Pa.C.S. § 2901 et sec .. Members of the Study Commission serve
without compensation but shall be reimbursed by the Township for their necessary duty -related
expenses. See, 53 Pa.C.S. § 2919(a). Within the limits of the appropriations and other public and
private funds made available to it, the Study Commission may appoint one or more paid
consultants and clerical and other assistants. See, 53 Pa.C.S. § 2919(b). The Study Commission
shall report its findings and recommendations to the Township citizens within the prescribed time
frame and include in its report a detailed listing of the funds, goods, materials and services, both
public and private, used by the Study Commission in the performance of its work. See, 53 Pa.C.S.
§ 2921(a).
It is further administratively noted that per the meeting minutes posted on the Study
Commission's website,1 at the Study Commission's January 13, 2025, regular meeting, Study
Commission Member James DeDad stated that the Township budgeted $100,000 for the Study
Commission. It is additionally noted that per the meeting minutes, the Study Commission: (1)
voted to appoint a Recording Secretary at a total cost not to exceed $7,500 at its December 18,
2024, regular meeting; and (2) voted to approve a proposal from Allegheny League of
Municipalities Public Partners Program for professional services for technical assistance at its
January 2, 2025, special public meeting.
Discussion/Conclusion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevantto the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
The term "public official" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
'See, https://www.millcreektownship.com/426/Millcreek-Township-Government-Study-Comm.
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February 25, 2025
Page 3
"Public official." Any person elected by the public or
elected or appointed by a governmental body or an appointed
official in the executive, legislative or judicial branch of this
Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof, provided that it
shall not include members of advisory boards that have no authority
to expend public funds other than reimbursement for personal
expense or to otherwise exercise the power of the State or any
political subdivision thereof.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The Regulations of the State Ethics Commission similarly define the term "public official"
and set forth the following additional criteria that are used to determine whether the advisory board
exception applies:
(i) The following criteria will be used to determine if the
exception in this paragraph is applicable:
(A) The body will be deemed to have the power to expend
public funds if the body may commit funds or may otherwise make
payment of moneys, enter into contracts, invest funds held in
reserves, make loans or grants, borrow money, issue bonds, employ
staff, purchase, lease, acquire or sell real or personal property
without the consent or approval of the governing body and the effect
of the power to expend public funds has a greater than de minimis
economic impact on the interest of a person.
(B) The body will be deemed to have the authority to
otherwise exercise the power of the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision if one of the following exists:
(I) The body makes binding decisions or orders
adjudicating substantive issues which are appealable to a body or
person other than the governing authority.
(11) The body exercises a basic power of government and
performs essential governmental functions.
(III) The governing authority is bound by statute or
ordinance to accept and enforce the rulings of the body.
(IV) The body may compel the governing authority to act in
accordance with the body's decisions or restrain the governing
authority from acting contrary to the body's decisions.
(V) The body makes independent decisions which are
effective without approval of the governing authority.
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February 25, 2025
Page 4
(VI) The body may adopt, amend and repeal resolutions,
rules, regulations or ordinances.
(VII) The body has the power of eminent domain or
condemnation.
(VIII) The enabling legislation of the body indicates that the
body is established for exercising public powers of the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
(ii) The term does not include judges and inspectors of
elections, notary publics and political parry officers.
(iii) The term generally includes persons in the following
offices:
(A) Incumbents of offices filled by nomination of the
Governor and confirmation of the Senate.
(B) Heads of executive, legislative and independent
agencies, boards and commissions.
(C) Members of agencies, boards and commissions
appointed by the General Assembly or its officers.
(D) Persons appointed to positions designated as officers
by the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions.
(E) Members of municipal, industrial development,
housing, parking and similar authorities.
(F) Members of zoning hearing boards and similar quasi-
judicial bodies.
(G) Members of the public bodies meeting the criteria in
paragraph (i)(A).
51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
In applying the definition of the term "public official" to your position as an alternate
Member of the Study Commission, the first portion of the definition provides that a public official
is a person who is: (1) elected by the public; (2) elected or appointed by a governmental body; or
(3) an appointed official in the executive, legislative or judicial branch of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania or a political subdivision of the Commonwealth. Muscalus, Opinion 02-007. The
fact that alternate Members of the Study Commission are appointed by the Study Commission, a
governmental body, satisfies the first portion of the definition. It is noted that the Ethics Act does
not exclude from the definition of "public official" an alternate member of a body.
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February 25, 2025
Page 5
In considering the remainder of the definition, the necessary conclusion is that as an
alternate Member of the Study Commission, you would not fall within the statutory exclusion for
members of purely advisory boards lacking authority to expend public funds other than
reimbursement for personal expense or to otherwise exercise the power of the State or any political
subdivision thereof. Pursuant to Section 2919(b) of the Home Rule Charter and Optional Plans
Law, 53 Pa.C.S. § 2919(b), the Study Commission has the power to appoint one or more paid
consultants and clerical and other assistants. Given this power and the fact that the minutes of
Study Commission meetings reflect that the Study Commission voted to appoint a Recording
Secretary at a cost not to exceed $7,500 and voted to execute a contract for consulting services, it
is clear that the Study Commission has the power to expend public funds.
Therefore, based upon the Ethics Act, the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, and
the Commission's Opinions, the necessary conclusion is that in your capacity as an alternate
Member of the Study Commission, you are a "public official" subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Act. See, Hetrick, Opinion 80-029. Therefore, you are required to file Statements of
Financial Interests pursuant to the Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle,
Chief Counsel