HomeMy WebLinkAbout04-574 HershJoel H. Hersh
5214 Meadowbrook Drive
Mechanicsburg, PA 17050 -6834
Dear Mr. Hersh:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 26, 2004
04 -574
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Director, Bureau of Epidemiology;
Department of Health; Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007; Stanisic, Opinion 98 -004.
This responds to your letter of June 22, 2004, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Ha.GS. § 1101 et seq., presents any restrictions upon employment of the Director of
the Bureau of Epidemiology following termination of service with the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania Department of Health.
Facts: As Director of the Bureau of Epidemiology for the Commonwealth of
eennsylvania Department of Health ( "DOH "), you request an advisory regarding the
post- employment restrictions of the Ethics Act. You have submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
Since 1993, you have managed the Bureau of Epidemiology, which Bureau
functions as the "chief disease investigators" for DOH and the Commonwealth. You
have submitted copies of your job description and job classification specifications, which
documents are incorporated herein by reference.
You are contemplating retiring from the Commonwealth and applying for the
position of Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Emergency Health Services Council
("PEHSC"). It is your belief that PEHSC receives its funding from the DOH Office of
Emergency Medical Services ( "EMS ") through the contract process.
You note that in 1997, you were appointed Acting Director of the EMS for a six -
month period until DOH was able to recruit a new director. Your duties as Acting
Director ran concurrently with your duties as Director of the Bureau of Epidemiology.
Following your six -month tenure as Acting Director of EMS, you had no further
responsibility for any EMS activities.
Hersh, 04 -574
July 26, 2004
Page 2
You have submitted copies of the position announcement and job description for
the Executive Director of the PEHSC, which documents are incorporated herein by
reference. Per the Job announcement and job description, the duties of the Executive
Director of the PEHSC include establishing and maintaining effective working
relationships with various governmental bodies including DOH. The job description
further states that the Executive Director ensures coordination of PEHSC activities with
EMS.
It is administratively noted that the PEHSC was established by the Emergency
Medical Services Act, 35 P.S. § 6921 et seq. The PEHSC is composed of up to 30
volunteer professional and paraprofessional organizations involved in emergency
medical services. 35 P.S. § 6927(a). The Board of Directors of the PEHSC serves as a
"State Advisory Council." 35 P.S. § 6927(a).
As a State Advisory Council, the duties of the Board of Directors of PEHSC
include, inter alia, "[a]dvis[ing] the department [DOH] on matters relating to manpower
and training, communications, ambulance services, special care units and the content of
rules, regulations, standards and policies romulgated by the department under ... [the
Emergency Medical Services Act], and p such other subjects as may be deemed
appropriate by the department "; and "[s]ervjing] as the forum for discussion on the
content of the Statewide emergency medical services development plan, or any
proposed revisions thereto, and advis[ing ] the department as to the content of the
plan." 35 P.S. §§ 6927(b)(2), (3). The PEHSC is responsible for assisting DOH in
preparing a Statewide emergency medical services development plan. 35 P.S. §
6929(a).
You state that presently, you have no relationship with PEHSC and have no
involvement as to the contract process.
You ask whether you would be precluded from applying for and accepting the
position of Executive Director of PEHSC.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107 (10) and 1107(11) of the
iciEfF s t,, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts that the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts that the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not been
submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material facts
relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense
to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As Director of the Bureau of Epidemiology for DOH, you would be considered a
public official /public employee subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State
Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa. S. 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. This conclusion is
based upon the job�Cescription and job classification specifications, which when
reviewed on an objective basis, indicate clearly that the power exists to take or
recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to one or more of the
following: contracting; procurement; planning; inspecting; administering or monitoring
grants; leasing; regulating; auditing; or other activities where the economic impact is
greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon retiring from the Commonwealth, you would become a
former public official /public employee subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official /public
employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental body with
which he has been associated ":
Hersh, 04 -574
July 26, 2004
Page 3
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee-hiimself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service. Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
Hersh, 04 -574
July 26, 2004
Page 4
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official /public employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/
public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities.
However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee is or has
been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or other
governmental body where the public official /public employee had influence or control
but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No.
15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon retirement
from the Commonwealth would be DOH in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year
following your retirement, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict
"representation" of "persons" before DOH.
As noted above, the term "person" is defined very broadly in the Ethics Act to
include private entities as well as governmental bodies. Thus, as Executive Director of
PEHSC, the restrictions of Section 1103(g) would apply to you during the first year
following your retirement from DOH, regardless of whether PEHSC would be
considered a private employer or governmental body. See, Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007;
Amica, Advice 00 -516.
To the extent your job responsibilities as Executive Director of PEHSC would
require you to interact with DOH in a manner that would constitute prohibited
"representation," your performance of such activities would be contrary to Section
1103(g) of the Ethics Act. As noted above, the job duties of the Executive Director of
PEHSC include establishing and maintaining effective working relationships with DOH
and ensuring coordination of PEHSC activities with EMS (an Office of DOH). You are
advised that your performance of such duties would constitute prohibited representation
before your former governmental body, DOH, and would be contrary to Section 1103(g)
of the Ethics Act.
Based upon the submitted facts, it would appear to be impossible as a practical
matter for you to perform at least certain of the functions of the position of Executive
Director for PEHSC without transgressing Section 1103(g). Cf., Stanisic, Opinion 98-
004.
This Advice has addressed the applicability of Section 1103(g) only. It is
expressly assumed that there has been no use of authority of office for a private
pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are
advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /public employee and no public official /public
employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
Hersh, 04 -574
July 26, 2004
Page 5
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /public
employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to
provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation, or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As Director of the Bureau of Epidemiology for the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania Department of Health ( "DOH "), you would be considered a public
official /public employee subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Upon retiring from the
Commonwealth, you would become a "former public employee" subject to the
restrictions of Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The former governmental body would
be DOH in its entirety.
The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed. The
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 -787 -0806. Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel