HomeMy WebLinkAbout1322 KolbIn Re: David Kolb
File Docket:
X -ref:
Date Decided:
Date Mailed:
Before: Louis W. Fryman, Chair
John J. Bolger, Vice Chair
Daneen E. Reese
Donald M. McCurdy
Michael Healey
Paul M. Henry
Raquel K. Bergen
02- 099 -C2
Order No. 1322
6/8/04
6/16/04
This is a final adjudication of the State Ethics Commission.
Procedurally, the Investigative Division of the State Ethics Commission conducted an
investigation regarding a possible violation of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act, Act
9 of 1989, P.L. 26, 65 P.S. §§ 401 et seq., as codified by Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11, 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., by the above -named Respondent. At the commencement of its
investi9ation, the Investigative Division served upon Respondent written notice of the specific
allegation(s). Upon completion of its investi9ation the Investigative Division issued and
served upon Respondent a Findings Report identified as an "Investigative Complaint." An
Answer was filed and a hearing was waived. The record is complete. A Consent Agreement
and Stipulation of Findings were submitted by the parties to the Commission for consideration.
The Stipulation of Findings is quoted as the Findings in this Order. The Consent Agreement
was subsequently approved.
Effective December 15, 1998, Act 9 of 1989 was repealed and replaced by Chapter 11
of Act 93 of 1998, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., which essentially repeats Act 9 of 1989 and
provides for the completion of pending matters under Act 93 of 1998.
This adjudication of the State Ethics Commission is issued under Act 93 of 1998 and
will be made available as a public document thirty days after the mailing date noted above.
However, reconsideration may be requested. Any reconsideration request must be received at
this Commission within thirty days of the mailing date and must include a detailed explanation
of the reasons as to why reconsideration should be granted in conformity with 51 Pa. Code §
21.29(b). A request for reconsideration will not affect the finality of this adjudication but will
defer its public release pending action on the request by the Commission.
The files in this case will remain confidential in accordance with Chapter 11 of Act 93 of
1998. Any person who violates confidentiality of the Ethics Act is guilty of a misdemeanor
subject to a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment for not more than one year.
Confidentiality does not preclude discussing this case with an attorney at law.
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 2
I. ALLEGATION:
That David Kolb, a public official /public employee, in his capacity as a Supervisor for
Forks Township, Northampton County, violated Sections 1103(a) and 1105(b)(5)(8)(9)
provisions of the State Ethics Act 65 Pa.C.S. § §1103(a), 1105(5)(b)(5)(8)(9) when he used
the authority of his office for a private pecuniary gain, including but not limited to making
purchases from federal surplus property which was limited to governmental entities and
converting these purchases for his personal use; when he purchased and /or directed
purchases for his personal use be made from a township vendor specializing in selling to law
enforcement agencies; and when he failed to disclose all sources of income in excess of
$1,300.00 as well as his office, directorship or employment in any business for profit on
Statements of Financial Interests filed for the 2000, 2001 and 2002 calendar years.
II. FINDINGS:
1. David Kolb served as a member of the Board of Supervisors of Forks Township,
Lehigh County, since January 5, 1998, until January 2004.
a. Kolb's term expired on January 7, 2004.
b. David Kolb served as Forks Township Police Commissioner in 2002.
2. Kolb is a licensed Federal Firearms dealer within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
a. Kolb operates a gun smithing business out of his residence.
3. Each Forks Township supervisor serves on a board or commission, which has liaison
responsibilities for specific departments within the township.
a. Kolb, in his capacity as supervisor served as Police Commissioner.
1. Kolb was the liaison for the Forks Township Police Department.
b. The Police Commissioner of Forks Township is not a sworn law enforcement
officer.
4. Municipal governments in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are eligible to
participate in the Federal Surplus Property Program (FSPP).
a. The Federal Surplus Property Program is a federally sponsored program that is
administered by the Pennsylvania Department of General Services.
1. The Federal Surplus Property Program warehouse and executive offices
are located at the Pennsylvania Department of General Services
Headquarters.
b. Forks Township is authorized and has participated in the FSPP since 1999.
5. The Federal Surplus Property Program authorizes representatives of municipalities,
school districts, medical institutions, and certain non - profit organizations the privilege of
purchasing surplus items, vehicles, equipment and supplies at a 70% to 90% reduction
of actual costs.
a. All interested eligible participants for the Federal Surplus Property Program
must make application to the Federal Property Division to determine eligibility.
6. Municipalities that meet the criteria for participation are permitted to purchase surplus
items at any time during normal daily business hours, Monday to Friday, 8:00 a.m. to
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 3
4:00 p.m.
a. Federal Property Division regulations provide that only individuals authorized by
a municipality can make purchases on behalf of a municipality.
b. Municipalities and authorized individuals are required to become familiar with
the purchase policies, guidelines, and regulations that govern the purchase of
federal surplus property.
c. Township employees were never specifically instructed by any township official
of the specific policies, guidelines and regulations governing the surplus
property program.
7. When authorized to purchase federal surplus property, individuals receive notification
of Federal Regulations governing purchases through the following means:
a. Initial application
Attachment of regulations in their entirety affixed to Form "G- SSS -1"
(Distribution Document), which invoices items purchased, unit costs, and
service charges that must be signed by a purchaser agreeing to terms.
Additional notification of purchase regulations via a bold -typed notice paper
given to purchasers when removing property from the federal supply
warehouse.
A placard located directly above the checkout register at the federal property
warehouse.
8. Municipalities /public agencies making purchases from the surplus program are
required to comply with federal and state regulations outlined on Form G -SSS which, in
part, includes the following:
a. The property is needed and will be used by the recipient for carrying out or
promoting for the residents of a given political area one or more public
purposes.
b. All items of property shall be placed in use for the purpose(s) for which
acquired, within one (1) year of receipt and shall be continued in use for such
purpose(s) for one (1) year from the date the property was put in use.
1. If not placed in use property must be returned to the state or made
available to transfer to another agency or the state.
c. In regards to items with an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more, the following, in
part, is required:
1. The property shall be used only for the purpose(s) for which acquired
and no other purpose(s).
9. Federal surplus records confirm purchases made by Forks township officials on
various Federal Property Garage in occasions between 1999 and 2002.
10. David Kolb accompanied Leon Fisher and other township employees on trips to the
Federal Property Garage on twelve (12) occasions between 1999 to 2002.
11. Kolb signed invoices on two (2) occasions from 1999 to 2002.
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 4
12. The Federal Property Supply Division assesses an "Acquisition Cost" or "Actual Retail
Value" to items for sale at the federal surplus warehouse.
a. The Federal General Services Administration (GSA) determines the acquisition cost
of all items for sale at federal surplus facilities throughout the United States.
b. The actual acquisition cost is the value of the item(s) if purchased retail at the
time of sale as determined by GSA.
13. Based on calculations made by GSA, the total acquisition cost of merchandise
purchased by Forks Township was $61,683.00.
a. Forks Township actually spent $4,280.75.
14. Since 1999 Kolb, Fisher and other township officials have purchased items from
Federal Surplus which were used for personal purposes.
15. In addition to Kolb and Fisher, Forks Township employees Peter Gheller, Public Works
Supervisor, and George Gemmel, Township Manager, have purchased items from
Federal Surplus which were utilized for personal use.
a. Purchases made by Gemmell and Gheller for the period 1999 to 2002 totaled
$143.00 as follows:
Gheller: $ 57.50
Gemmell: $ 85.50
Total $143.00
b. Both Gemmell and Gheller have made full restitution to the township.
16. Kolb was under the belief that he was permitted to purchase items for his own personal
use, as long as he reimbursed the township for items converted to personal use.
17. Upon returning from the federal warehouse, Kolb or Fisher would identify employees'
personal purchases by initial on the Distribution Document Invoice.
a. This procedure would enable Fisher or Kolb to determine items purchased and
amount of reimbursement due to the township by each employee /official.
18. Fisher would then submit the Distribution Document Invoice to Township Manager
George Gemmel.
a. Gemmel would approve every invoice, and included the actual invoice in the
monthly bill list presented to the Board of Supervisors.
1. Gemmel would then instruct the accounts payable clerk to generate a
check to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for the amount due and
owing to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
2. A check payable to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania would be routed
to the supervisors during a public meeting.
19. Supervisors would approve the bill lists, which included the invoices from the Federal
Property Supply /Surplus Division.
a. Two (2) supervisors would sign the check payable to the Commonwealth of
Received
From
Received By
Date
Amount
Receipt
Number
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
08/09/99
$55.00
166048
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
09/09/99
$49.50
166098
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
11/22/99
$40.50
166098
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
12/13/00
$17.00
442841
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
07/12/00
$46.85
928876
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
09/20/00
$46.00
929023
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
08/06/01
$97.00
64670
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
09/10/01
$22.75
"4760
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
05/10/02
$13.88
553525
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
04/02/02
$60.00
553419
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
04/10/02
$94.50
553457
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
07/12/02
$43.50
31680
David Kolb
Sharon Fisher
12/13/02
$175.00
31739
Total Reimbursement Amount
$761.48
Invoice #
Invoice
Date
Quantit IDescri •tion
Acquisition
Cost
Actual
Chars e
574597
07/13/99
2 M R E
,144.00
, 30.00
579597
07/13/99
1 Hat
$7.00
$3.00
574597
07/13/99
1 Boots
$100.00
$12.00
574597
07/13/99
2 Rope
$28.00
$4.50
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 5
Pennsylvania.
20. Minutes of the Forks Township Board of Supervisors meetings confirm votes when bill
lists, including payments to federal surplus, were approved.
21. Kolb voted on 14 occasions to approve bill lists which included payments to federal
surplus for personal purchases he made.
22. Checks payable to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from Forks Township for
surplus items purchased by Forks Township included items of a personal nature made
by Kolb.
23. Kolb signed five (5) checks payable to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for surplus
items, three of which included payment for items he purchased for personal use.
Date Check No. Amount Kolb Amount
09/13/99 10966 $151.50 $49.50
07/26/01 14199 $202.25 $97.00
04/25/02 15669 $110.80 $60.00
a. The actions taken by Kolb, as delineated in Finding Nos. 21. -23. above, related
to the payment of personal purchases made by various township officials and
employees in addition to Kolb.
24. According to receipts maintained by Forks Township Bookkeeper, Sharon Fisher,
David Kolb made reimbursement to Forks Township for all items purchased for
personal use.
25. The following chart delineates reimbursement from Kolb to Forks Township for surplus
items purchased for personal use:
26. Kolb purchased the following items through the township for his personal use:
Invoice #
Invoice
Date
Quantit IDescri'tion
Acquisition
Cost
Actual
Chars e
575057
08/31/99
2 Hand Tools
.10.00
.6.00
575057
08/31/99
1 Hot Weather Boots
$70.00
$12.00
575057
08/31/99
2 Trousers
$48.00
$10.00
575057
08/31/99
3 Ta' e
$111.00
$4.00
575057
08/31/99
2 Tar. ets
, 30.00
,10.00
575057
08/31/99
1 A. ron
, 21.00
,12.00
575057
08/31/99
1 Thread
.7.00
.1.50
575057
08/31/99
1 Sweater
$26.00
$5.00
575057
08/31/99
2 Fishin. Kits
$28.00
$8.00
576985
06/23/00
2 Cass
. 20.00
.3.75
576985
06/23/00
6 Force's
.130.00
..60
576985
06/23/00
1 Bas
. 202.00
.12.00
576985
067/23/00
1 Sussenders
.3.00
.1 .00
576985
06/23/00
1 Line Tent
.2.00
.5.00
576985
06/23/00
1 Glove Set
$9.00
$2.00
576985
06/23/00
2 A'rons
$42.00
$24.00
576985
06/23/00
1 Cram' ons
.37.00
.10.00
5771121
08/24/00
1 Chemli.ht
.6.00
.5.00
5771121
08/24/00
2 Swords
.290.00
.30.00
577121
08/24/00
2 Li. ht Stick
$20.00
$2.00
577121
08/24/00
1 Staler
.1.00
.2.00
579224
08/23/01
1 Parts Box
.6.00
.1.00
579224
08/23/01
1 Outs Pan
$6.00
$1.50
582414
03/06/02
1 Case
$83.00
$14.95
582414
03/06/02
1 Lam'
$26.00
$15.00
582301
03/01/02
2 Ski Re 'air Kits
.372.00
.5.00
582301
03/01/02
1 Holster
.15.00
.8.00
582301
03/01/02
1 Paint
$16.00
$3.00
582573
04/02/02
1 Torch Kit
$16.00
$10.00
582573
04/02/02
3 Knife
$60.00
$15.00
582573
04/02/02
4 Ba onets
$12.00
$28.00
582573
04/02/02
2 Brooms
.4.00
.2.00
582573
04/02/02
2 Gas Cans
$56.00
$19.00
582573
04/02/02
2 Chains
$202.00
$15.00
582573
04/02/02
1 Ammo Can
$4.00
$3.00
583257
07/09/02
2 Blankets
$50.00
$15.00
583257
07/09/02
1 Sweater
$17.00
$3.50
583257
07/09/02
1 Hand Tool
$5.00
$3.00
583257
07/09/02
1 Miscellaneous Tool Set
$25.00
$22.00
583293
07/16/02
1 Generator
$1,000.00
$175.00
Totals
$3,367.00
$574.30
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 6
27. Kolb reimbursed Forks Township a total of $761.48 (actual cost) throughout the years
of 1999 to 2002 as identified in Finding No. 26.
28. The federal surplus property Kolb purchased was for his personal use and was not
used for any township purpose.
29. The acquisition cost of merchandise Kolb purchased for personal use less the amount
reimbursed by Kolb ($761.48), totaled $2,605.52.
The following findings relate to Federal Law Enforcement Surplus Property Program
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 7
30. Accredited law enforcement agencies in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, are
permitted to apply to participate in the Federal Law Enforcement Surplus Property
Program.
31. The Federal Law Enforcement Property Program is a federally sponsored program that
is administered by the Pennsylvania Department of General Services.
a. The Federal Law Enforcement Property Program warehouse and executive
offices are located at the Pennsylvania Department of General Services
Headquarters.
32. The Federal Law Enforcement Property Program authorizes sworn law enforcement
officers only the privilege of purchasing surplus items, tactical gear, weapons,
munitions, vehicles, weapon accessories, police vehicle accessories, and uniform
accessories at a 70% to 90% reduction of actual costs.
a. All interested police agencies must make application to the Federal Law
Enforcement Property Division to determine eligibility.
33. Police officers who meet criteria for participation are permitted to purchase surplus
items at any time during normal daily business hours, Monday through Friday, 8:00
a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
a. All authorized Pennsylvania purchasers must be duly sworn and commissioned
police officers within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
34. A law enforcement agency's head or commander is authorized to make initial
application and delegate authorized sworn law enforcement screeners to purchase
items at the federal law enforcement warehouse.
a. Leon Fisher was the only officer in Forks Township permitted to make
application for eligibility.
35. Forks Township has participated in the FLESPP since at least 1999.
36. Fisher authorized himself, and Detective Captain Louis Coxe as a sworn officers and
registered screeners for calendar year 2001.
a. Fisher identified David Kolb, township supervisor, as Police Commissioner and
authorized him as an authorized screener for 2002.
37. David Kolb is not a sworn law enforcement official.
38. Fisher's purpose in identifying Kolb as a sworn law enforcement official was to enable
Kolb to make purchases of a personal nature from the program.
39. Regulations governing Federal Law Enforcement Supply programs are the same as
the Federal Property Supply regulations and in part prohibit the acquisition of property
for personal use.
40. Kolb made one purchase for personal use from the law enforcement program surplus
on April 2, 2002, consisting of 4 gas masks and 1 entrencher for a total cost of $17.00.
a. Federal Law Enforcement Property Division does not assess an acquisition
cost to law enforcement surplus.
41. Invoice No. 0 -1084 from the Federal Law Enforcement warehouse was submitted to
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 8
George Gemmel, Township Manager.
a. Gemmel would approve the invoice and instruct the accounts payable clerk to
produce a check to be approved and signed submitted at a township meeting.
b. The invoice from the Federal Law Enforcement Property Division would be
attached to bill lists to be approved by the board of supervisors.
42. Invoice No. 0 -1084 was approved as part of bill lists by the board of supervisors on
April 17, 2002.
a. Kolb participated in the vote to approve the bill list which included the payment
for the gas masks.
43. Kolb, as supervisor, signed two checks payable to the PA Law Enforcement Property
Program totaling $1,017.00.
a. Kolb signed check no. 16480 on April 7, 2002, in the amount of $1,000 and
check no. 15697 in the amount of $17.00 on April 30, 2002.
44. Check no. 15697 would have included payment to the PA Law Enforcement Program
for the gas masks and an entrenching tool purchased by Kolb.
The following findings relate to purchases from the Pennsylvania Police Supply,
Chalk Hill, PA
45. Supervisor David Kolb is a firearm collector and buyer.
a. David Kolb possesses a Federal Firearms License to sell firearms and
munitions.
46. Forks Township Police Department utilizes the services of Pennsylvania Police Supply
(PPS), Chalk Hill, PA for firearms, munitions and supplies.
a. Pennsylvania Police Supply sells to law enforcement departments and law
enforcement officials only.
1. Private citizens, including elected officials, are not permitted to purchase
from PPS.
b. Pennsylvania Police Supply offers substantial discounts on items to both police
departments and police officers.
c. Forks Township receives all items from Pennsylvania Police Supply via the US
Mail or alternative carriers.
47. Detective Corporal Richard Grifo is the Forks Township firearms and munitions
specialist.
a. Grifo has been the munitions specialist for approximately seven (7) years.
48. Forks Township Police Department duty weapons and alternate weapons are as
follows:
a. Glock Model 22 .40 caliber pistols — duty weapon
Mossberg Model 500 12 Gauge shotguns — tactical weapons
Colt AR 15 Assault Rifles — tactical weapons
Ordered
For
Date/
Invoice
Quantit
Descri•tion
Total
Cost
Actual
Retail
Cost
Kolb
10/05/99/
1 case (20
Federal 9mm 115
.115.80
.239.80
47999
boxes /case)
Glock Full Metal
Jacket ammunition
Kolb
02/19/99/
1 case (20
Federal .357 magnum
$183.25
$279.80
45544
boxes /case)
158 grain hydra -shock
ammunition
Totals
$299.05
$519.60
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 9
1. The above caliber weapons have been standard for at least the last six
(6) years.
49. Grifo's responsibility is to determine what the police department needs would be on an
annual basis pertaining to ammunition, weaponry, simmunition [sic], and accessories.
a. Grifo would prepare a written order to be submitted to Pennsylvania Police
Supply.
b. Grifo would submit the order to Chief Leon Fisher for review and approval.
1. Fisher would sign the order form, authorizing the order.
ii. Fisher did not have to seek board approval to make munitions
supply purchases prior to October 2002.
50. Upon receipt of supplies from Pennsylvania Police Supply, Grifo would compare the
order receipt /invoice with the order form he submitted to Chief Fisher.
a. On at least three (3) occasions between 1999 and 2002 Grifo had noticed items
purchased on invoices that he had no knowledge of, and did not request to be
purchased for police department duty or training usage.
51. After receiving order forms from Grifo, Fisher would add items such as ammunition
which were for the personal use of himself and Kolb.
a. Kolb would inform Fisher of the items he needed and Fisher would include them
on the order.
52. The following chart delineates munitions ordered by Fisher from Pennsylvania Police
for supervisor David Kolb's personal use.
53. The items listed in Finding No. 52 were not ordered for police usage because the
caliber of the weapon ammunition did not match any firearms utilized by Forks
Township.
54. Kolb issued two checks to the township totaling $299.05.
a. Kolb reimbursed the Township of Forks $115.80 on November 22, 1999.
b. Kolb issued a second reimbursement check to the Township of Forks of
$183.25 on March 5, 1999, by personal check.
c. Kolb's reimbursements were for munitions ordered by Fisher on 10/05/99 and
02/19/99.
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 10
55. The actual retail value of the munitions ordered by Fisher for Kolb totaled $519.60.
a. Kolb reimbursed the township a total of $299.05.
b. Kolb saved $220.55 by purchasing the ammunition through the township.
56. Fisher submitted the invoices from Pennsylvania Police Supply to George Gemmel,
township manager.
a. This included invoices for which personal purchases were made for Kolb.
b. Gemmel submitted the invoices for the Board of Supervisors for approval as
part of monthly bill lists.
c. Invoices were approved by township supervisors.
57. Invoices which included personal items for Kolb were approved as follows by the board
of supervisors:
Total Invoice
Invoice No. Meeting Date Amount Kolb Action
45544 11/04/99 $ 629.65 Vote
47999 08/19/99 $ 1,647.68 Second Motion, Vote
58. Forks Township issued checks payable to Pennsylvania Police Supply as follows:
Check No. Date Amount Signed by Kolb
8322 03/24/99 $ 629.65 No
11271 10/27/99 $ 1,647.68 No
15769 05/07/02 $ 686.48 Yes
The following findings relate to Statement of Financial Interests filings by Kolb
59. David Kolb has filed Statements of Financial Interests for calendar years 2000, 2001
and 2002 with Forks Township which include the following disclosures:
a. Calendar Year: 2000
Filed: 1/12/01 on SEC Rev. 1/01
Position: Supervisor
Creditors: None
Direct /Indirect Income: Mansfield Township Bd. of Education
All Other Financial Interests: None
b. Calendar Year: 2001
Filed: 04/14/02 on SEC Rev. 1/02
Position: Supervisor /Sewer Authority Member
Creditors: None
Direct /Indirect Income: Mansfield Township Bd. of Education
All Other Financial Interests: None
c. Calendar Year: 2002
Filed: 01/16/03 on SEC Rev. 1/03
Position: Supervisor /Sewer Authority Member
Creditors: None
Direct /Indirect Income: Mansfield Township Bd. of Education
All Other Financial Interests: None
60. As a township supervisor, Kolb had earned the following wages as reported on W -2
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 11
Wage and Tax Statements:
a. 1998 $2,000.00
1999 $1,999.92
2000 $2,000.00
2001 $2,000.00
2002 $2,000.88
61. Kolb did not disclose income earned as a member of the board of supervisors of Forks
Township for calendar years 2000 to 2002.
III. DISCUSSION:
At all times relevant to this matter, the Respondent, David Kolb, hereinafter Kolb, has
been a public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law,
Act 9 of 1989, Pamphlet Law 26, 65 P.S. § 401, et seq., as codified by the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Act, Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., which Acts are
referred to herein as the "Ethics Act."
The allegations are that David Kolb, as a Forks Township Supervisor, violated Sections
1103(a) and 1105(b)(5) of the Ethics Act when he purchased federal surplus property for his
personal use; purchased items for his personal use from a township vendor specializing in
selling to law enforcement agencies; and failed to disclose sources of income in excess of
$1,300.00 on Statements of Financial Interests (SFI's) for the 2000 -2002 calendar years.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from engaging in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
The term "conflict of interest" is defined under Act 9 of 1989/Act 93 of 1998 as follows:
Section 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public official
or public employee of the authority of his office or employment or
any confidential information received through his holding public
f
of ce or employment for the private pecuniary benefit of himself,
a member of his immediate family or a business with which he or
a member of his immediate family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an action having a de
minimis economic impact or which affects to the same degree a
class consisting of the general public or a subclass consisting of
an industry, occupation or other group which includes the public
official or public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act prohibits a public official /public employee from using
the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by holding such a
public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
Section 1105(b) of the Ethics Act requires that every public official /public employee and
candidate list the name and address of any direct or indirect source of income totaling in the
aggregate of $1,300 or more.
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 12
As noted above, the parties have submitted a Consent Agreement and Stipulation of
Findings. The parties' Stipulated Findings are reproduced above as the Findings of this
Commission. We shall now summarize the relevant facts as contained therein.
Kolb served as a Forks Township Supervisor from January 1998 to January 2004. In a
private capacity Kolb holds a federal firearms dealer license within the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania and operates a gunsmithing business out of his home.
Municipalities in the Commonwealth are eligible to participate in certain government
surplus property programs. The Federal Surplus Property Program (FSPP) sponsors a
program that is administered by the Pennsylvania Department of General Services (DGS).
Forks Township participates in FSPP which allows it to purchase surplus items, vehicles,
equipment and supplies at a 70% to 90% reduction from actual costs. The federal
government requires that municipal authorized individuals become familiar with the policies,
guidelines, and regulations as to the purchase of federal surplus property.
Forks Township employees never received such instruction as to federal surplus
property. However, such notification appears in the initial application for participation in the
program, on the property at the warehouse, and on a placard located at the checkout register.
Conditions are imposed upon purchases: the property is limited to municipal use and the
property must be in use within one year of its receipt.
Forks Township officials made purchases through FSPP between 1999 and 2002.
Kolb accompanied Leon Fisher and other township employees to the federal property garage
and in two instances signed invoices. In 1999, Kolb, Fisher, and other township officials
purchased items from the federal surplus programs for personal use. Kolb believed that he
could purchase such items for personal use as long as he made reimbursements to the
township.
When Kolb and Fisher returned from the federal warehouse, they identified personal
purchases and determined the amount of reimbursement due the township. The invoice was
given to the township manager who in turn submitted it to the supervisors as part of a bill listfor
their approval. Two supervisors co- signed the check payable to the Commonwealth for the surplus
items after approval was obtained from the board.
Kolb voted on 14 occasions to approve bill lists which included payments to the federal
surplus program for personal purchases that he made. Kolb signed five checks payable to the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for surplus items; in three instances, the payments entailed
personal purchases of Kolb. According to the receipts maintained by the Forks Township
bookkeeper, Kolb made reimbursement for items that he purchased for personal use. See,
Fact Finding 25. A detailed list of these items that Kolb purchased for personal use from the
federal program are delineated in Fact Finding 26. Kolb reimbursed the township $761.48 as
to the actual price that the township paid for the surplus property which had an acquisition cost
of $2,605.52.
A similar program is the Federal Law Enforcement Surplus Property Program
( FLESPP) which is also administered by DGS for accredited law enforcement agencies in the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. FLESPP authorizes law enforcement officers to purchase
supplies such as tactical gear, weapons, munitions, vehicles, weapon accessories and police
vehicle accessories at reductions of 70% to 90% from the actual costs. A law enforcement
agency's head or commander is authorized to make an application and delegate authorized
sworn law enforcement personnel to purchase the items at the FLESPP warehouse. Forks
Township has participated in FLESPP since 1999. Fisher authorized himself, the detective
police captain, and Kolb as the police commissioner to be the authorized township individuals
for the program.
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 13
Even though Kolb is not a sworn law enforcement official, Fisher designated Kolb so
that he could make purchases for personal use from the program, despite the federal
regulations which expressly prohibit the acquisition of such property for personal use. Kolb
made one purchase for personal use consisting of four gas masks and one entrencher that
had a total cost of $17.00. An invoice submitted to the township in the amount of $1,017.00
for a number of surplus items included the personal purchases by Kolb. The invoice was
submitted as part of a bills list to the supervisors who, with Kolb's participation, voted for
approval. In addition, Kolb, as supervisor, co- signed two checks payable to FLESPP.
A third purchase program is the Pennsylvania Police Supply (PPS). The Forks
Township Police Department utilizes PPS to urchase firearms, munitions, and supplies. PPS
sells to law enforcement departments and officials but not to private citizens.
Detective Corporal Grifo of Forks Township is the firearms and munitions specialist
who determines what the police department needs in terms of ammunition, weaponry, and
accessories. Between 1999 and 2000, Grifo on at least three occasions noticed PPS invoice
items as to which he did not order and had no knowledge. After receiving an order form from
Grifo, Fisher added ammunition which was to be used for the personal use of Kolb and
himself. The details of such ammunition orders for Kolb's personal use, which retailed at
$519.60 but were purchased for $299.05, are delineated in Fact Finding 52. Parenthetically,
such ammunition could not have been used for the Forks Township because its firearms were
of different calibers. Kolb paid $299.05 to the township but saved $220.55 by purchasing
through PPS.
PPS invoices were sent to the township and in turn submitted as part of a bills list to the
supervisors for approval. Such bill lists included the munitions for personal use by Kolb. Kolb
voted to approve the bills and in one instance made a second to a motion. Kolb in one
instance also signed one of the checks payable to PPS.
Finally Kolb, as a public official, failed to disclose on his SFI's for the calendar years
2000 to 2002 the income he received as a member of the board of supervisors which
exceeded the reporting threshold of $1,300.
Having highlighted the Stipulated Findings and issues before us, we shall now apply
the Ethics Act to determine the proper disposition of this case.
The parties' Consent Agreement sets forth a proposed resolution of the allegations.
The Consent Agreement proposes that this Commission find:
"a. That a violation of Section 1103(a), 65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a) of the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law, occurred regarding Kolb's use of the authority of his office as a
Forks Township Supervisor to purchase various items from the Federal Surplus
Property Warehouse for personal use.
b. That no violation of Section 1103(a), 65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a) of the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law, occurred regarding Kolb's purchase of several items from the
Federal Law Enforcement Surplus Property Program, for personal use, as the value of
the items purchased was de minimis.
c. That a violation of Section 1103(a), 65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a) of the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law, occurred regarding Kolb's purchase, at the township's expense,
of certain supplies from Pennsylvania Police Supply, which items were utilized for
personal purposes.
d. That a technical violation of Section 1105(b)(5), 65 Pa.C.S. 1105(b)(5) of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Law, occurred in relation to Kolb's failure to list Forks
Township as a direct or indirect source of income on Statements of Financial Interests
for calendar years 2000 through 2002."
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 14
In addition, Kolb agrees to pay $2,825.55 to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and
forwarded to the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission within thirty (30) days of the mailing
of this order. Kolb also agrees to file amended SFI's with Forks Township and the State
Ethics Commission for compliance verification for calendar years 2000 through 2002 within
thirty (30) days of the mailing of this order listing Forks Township as a source of income.
In applying the Ethics Act to the allegations before us, Kolb used his position as a
supervisor as to programs that offered various items for municipal use only. But for the fact
that Kolb was a supervisor in Forks Township, he would not have been in a position to obtain
items for personal use from the federal surplus programs and PPS. The actions by Kolb in
obtaining the various property which is expressly limited to municipal but not personal use
were uses of authority of office under the Ethics Act. See, Juliante, Order 809. Such uses of
authority of office resulted in pecuniary benefits to Kolb consisting of the items that he
obtained for personal purposes.
Even though Kolb reimbursed the township for the items that he used for personal
purposes, there was a private pecuniary benefit nevertheless. Kolb obtained these items at
substantially reduced prices from their cost basis, given that the items were limited solely for
municipal use. Hence, the pecuniary benefits that Kolb received were private pecuniary
benefits. Finally, those private pecuniary benefits inured to Kolb himself.
Accordingly, Kolb violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he used the
authority of office to purchase various items personally from the FSPP for his personal use.
Further, Kolb violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he used the authority of office to
purchase certain ammunition from PPS for personal purposes.
As to the items Kolb purchased from FLESPP, the statutory definition of "conflict" or
"conflict of interest" includes two exclusions, the "de minimis" exclusion and the "class/
subclass exclusion." The de minimis exclusion precludes a finding of a conflict of interest or
violation as to an action having a de minimis (insignificant) economic impact. Thus, when a
matter that would otherwise constitute a conflict of interest under the Ethics Act would have an
insignificant economic impact upon the public official, a conflict would not exist and Sections
1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not be implicated. See, Schweinsburq, Order 900.
As to the allegation concerning the purchases of the entrencher and gas masks for
$17.00, such action would have a de minimis economic impact, and therefore, the exclusion
would apply. Accordingly, Kolb did not violate Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he
purchased several items from the FLESPP for personal use in that the value of such
purchases was de minimis.
As to the SFI allegation, Kolb failed to list Forks Township as a source of income on his
SFI's for 2000 through 2002 calendar years.
As to the position of elected township supervisor, the Second Class Township Code
provides in part:
§65606. Compensation of Supervisors
(a) Supervisor may receive as compensation an amount
established by ordinance not in excess of the following:
53 PS § 65606
This compensation, although prescribed by the Second Class Township Code, is not
governmentally mandated. The statutory language merely sets forth an authorization to set
compensation by ordinance which may or may not occur within ranges of compensation
Kolb 02- 099 -C2
Page 15
depending upon the population of the township. Hence, our recent decision in Benninghoff,
Opinion 04 -005, has no application to this case. Accordingly, Kolb technically violated Section
1105(b) of the Ethics Act when he failed to disclose Forks Township as a source of income on
his SFI's s for the calendar years 2000 -2002.
We determine that the Consent Agreement submitted by the parties sets forth the
proper disposition for this case, based upon our review as reflected in the above analysis and
the totality of the facts and circumstances. Accordingly, Kolb is directed to make payment of
$2,825.55 to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania through this Commission within 30 days of
the issuance of this order. Kolb is directed to file amended SFIs for calendar years 2000,
2001, and 2002 within 30 -days of the issuance of this order at the township with copies filed
with the Commission for compliance verification purposes. Compliance with the foregoing will
result in the closing of this case with no further action by this Commission. Noncompliance
will result in the institution of an order enforcement action.
IV. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW:
1. Kolb, as a Supervisor for Forks Township, during the relevant time period was a public
official subject to the provisions of Act 9 of 1989 as codified by Act 93 of 1998.
2. Kolb violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he used the authority of office to
purchase various items from the federal surplus property program for his personal use.
3. Kolb did not violate Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he purchased several items
from the federal law enforcement surplus property program for personal use in that the
value of such purchases was de minimis.
4. Kolb violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he used the authority of office to
purchase certain ammunition from the Pennsylvania Police Supply for personal
purposes.
5. Kolb technically violated Section 1105(b) of the Ethics Act when he failed to disclose Forks
Township as a source of income on his SFI's for the calendar years 2000 to 2002.
In Re: David Kolb
ORDER NO. 1322
File Docket: 02- 099 -C2
Date Decided: 6/8/04
Date Mailed: 6/16/04
1. Kolb, as a Supervisor for Forks Township, violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act
when he used the authority of office to purchase various items from the federal surplus
property program for his personal use.
2. Kolb did not violate Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he purchased several items
from the federal law enforcement surplus property program for personal use in that the
value of such purchases was de minimis.
3. Kolb violated Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act when he used the authority of office to
purchase certain ammunition from the Pennsylvania Police Supply for personal
purposes.
4. Kolb technically violated Section 1105(b) of the Ethics Act when he failed to disclose
Forks Township as a source of income on his SFI's for the calendar years 2000 to
2002.
5. Per the Consent Agreement of the parties, Kolb is directed to make payment of
$2,825.55 to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania through this Commission within 30-
days of the issuance of this order. Kolb is directed to file amended SFIs for calendar
years 2000, 2001, and 2002 within 30 -days of the issuance of this order with the
originals filed at the township and copies with this Commission for compliance
verification purposes.
a. Compliance with the foregoing will result in the closing of this case with no
further action by this Commission.
b. Non - compliance will result in the institution of an order enforcement action.
BY THE COMMISSION,
Louis W. Fryman, Chair