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PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
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613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 30, 2025
To the Requester:
Michele Lippert
25-502
Dear Ms. Lippert:
This responds to your email received January 22, 2025, by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (“Commission”), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would prohibit a borough secretary from continuing to serve in her public position if
her husband would be appointed or elected to borough council.
Brief Answer: NO. The Ethics Act does not prohibit immediate family members, such as
a husband and wife, from serving together in positions with the same municipality.
Therefore, the Ethics Act would not prohibit the borough secretary from continuing to
serve in her public position if her husband would be appointed or elected to borough
council. However, the borough secretary generally would have a conflict of interest under
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters that would financially impact her or her
husband.
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon the following submitted facts.
You are the Secretary for Whitaker Borough (“Borough”). Your husband is going to
submit his letter of interest for appointment to fill a currently vacant seat on Borough Council, and
he is also going to run for election to Borough Council in 2025.
Lippert, 25-502
January 30, 2025
Page 2
The question that is presented by your advisory request is whether the Ethics Act would
impose any prohibitions or restrictions upon you with regard to continuing to serve as the Borough
Secretary if your husband would be appointed or elected to Borough Council.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all material facts relevant
to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
“Conflict” or “conflict of interest.” Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
“Authority of office or employment.” The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
Lippert, 25-502
January 30, 2025
Page 3
“Immediate family.” A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act’s definition of the term “conflict” or
“conflict of interest,” 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is prohibited from using
the authority of public office or confidential information received by holding such a public position
for the private pecuniary (financial) benefit of the public official/public employee himself, any
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. In each instance of a conflict of interest, the public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation. The abstention requirement would extend to any use of
authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying
for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As the Borough Secretary, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics
Act. Your husband is a member of your “immediate family” as that term is defined in the Ethics
Act.
The Ethics Act does not prohibit immediate family members from serving together in
positions with the same municipality. Therefore, the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from
continuing to serve as the Borough Secretary if your husband would be appointed or elected to
Borough Council. However, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you generally would
have a conflict of interest in your capacity as the Borough Secretary in matters that would
financially impact you or your husband. In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be
required to abstain from participation.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
Lippert, 25-502
January 30, 2025
Page 4
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel