HomeMy WebLinkAbout24-575 Grobes
PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
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613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 22, 2024
To the Requester:
Jamie Grobes
24-575
Dear Ms. Grobes:
This responds to your letterdated November 12, 2024, by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (“Commission”), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
Whether Section 1103(a) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”),
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), pertaining to conflict of interest, would prohibit the hiring of the son
of a member of a regional police commission for a position as a part-time police officer
with the regional police department.
Brief Answer: NO. Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, which imposes restrictions upon
public officials and public employees and not their immediate family members, would not
prohibit the hiring of the son of the member of the regional police commission for a position
as a part-time police officer with the regional police department. However, pursuant to
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, the member of the regional police commission would
have a conflict of interest with regard to lobbying for or voting to approve the hiring of her
son. If her son would be hired, subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of
“conflict” or “conflict of interest” as set forth in Section 1102 of the Ethics Act, the member
of the regional police commission would have a conflict of interest in matters that would
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impact her son’s employment with the regional police department.
Facts:
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Action that has a de minimis (insignificant) economic impact or that affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated, does not constitute
a conflict of interest.
Grobes, 24-575
November 22, 2024
Page 2
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon the following submitted facts.
You are a Member of Council for Lewisburg Borough (“Borough”). You were appointed
to fill one of two Borough seats on the Buffalo Valley Regional Police Commission (“Regional
Police Commission”).
The Regional Police Commission is an independent entity that is funded and operated
through an Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement between East Buffalo Township and the
Borough (“Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement”). You have submitted a copy of the
Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement, which document is incorporated herein by reference.
Per the Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement, the Buffalo Valley Regional Police
Department (“Regional Police Department”) operates under the general supervision of the
Regional Police Commission. The Chief of Police reports directly to the Regional Police
Commission. The Civil Service Commission established pursuant to the Intergovernmental
Cooperation Agreement serves in an advisory capacity to the Regional Police Commission and
conducts the examination of applicants for positions in the police force and promotions. The
Regional Police Commission oversees and confirms all personnel appointments, removals,
promotions, and suspensions, with recommendations provided by the Chief of Police and the Civil
Service Commission as applicable. The Regional Police Commission negotiates and ratifies
employment terms and conditions with employees and enters into collective bargaining
agreements as applicable. The Regional Police Commission also serves as the employee
grievances hearing board.
Your son is a police officer, and he would like to work part-time for the Regional Police
Department. You ask whether it would be a conflict of interest for your son to serve as a police
officer with the Regional Police Department while you are serving as a Member of the Regional
Police Commission.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all material facts relevant
to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
Grobes, 24-575
November 22, 2024
Page 3
(j)Voting conflict. --Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three-member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 1103(j).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
“Conflict” or “conflict of interest.” Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
“Authority of office or employment.” The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
Grobes, 24-575
November 22, 2024
Page 4
“Immediate family.” A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to conflict of interest, imposes restrictions
upon public officials and public employees, and not their immediate family members or
businesses. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act’s definition of the term “conflict”
or “conflict of interest,” 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employeeis prohibited from
using the authority of public office or confidential information received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary (financial) benefit of the public official/public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to
any use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and
lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to contracting, provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(f) Contract.-No public official or public employee or his
spouse or child or any business in which the person or his spouse or
child is associated shall enter into any contract valued at $500 or
more with the governmental body with which the public official or
public employee is associated or any subcontract valued at $500 or
more with any person who has been awarded a contract with the
governmental body with which the public official or public
employee is associated, unless the contract has been awarded
through an open and public process, including prior public notice
and subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or public
employee shall not have any supervisory or overall responsibility
for the implementation or administration of the contract. Any
contract or subcontract made in violation of this subsection shall be
voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction if the suit is
commenced within 90 days of the making of the contract or
subcontract.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(f).
Grobes, 24-575
November 22, 2024
Page 5
The term “contract” is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
“Contract.” An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision of consulting or other services or of supplies, materials,
equipment, land or other personal or real property. The term shall
not mean an agreement or arrangement between the State or political
subdivision as one party and a public official or public employee as
the other party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary,
wage, retirement or other benefit, tenure or other mattersin
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1101.
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental body
permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official/public employee, his
spouse or child, or a business with which he, his spouse or child is associated, is otherwise
appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or subcontracting with any person who has
been awarded a contract with the governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section
1103(f) requires that an “open and public process” be observed as to the contract with the
governmental body. Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also provides that the public official/public
employee may not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As a Member of Borough Council and as a Member of the Regional Police Commission,
you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. Your son is a member of your
“immediate family” as that term is defined in the Ethics Act. Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act, you generally would have a conflict of interest in either of your capacities as a Borough
Council Member or a Member of the Regional Police Commission in matters that would
financially impact you or your son.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit the hiring of your son for a position
as a part-time police officer with the Regional Police Department. However, pursuant to Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you would have a conflict of interest in your capacity as a Member of
the Regional Police Commission with regard to lobbying for or voting to approve the hiring of
your son. If your son would be hired, subject to the “de minimis” and the “class/subclass”
exclusions to the definition of “conflict” or “conflict of interest” as set forth in Section 1102 of the
Ethics Act, you would have a conflict of interest in matters that would impact your son’s
employment with the Regional Police Department.
Grobes, 24-575
November 22, 2024
Page 6
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain from participation,
which would include voting unless one of the statutory exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics
Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the
Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Finally, the restrictions of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would have to be observed
whenever applicable.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually receivedat the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel