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PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
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613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 8, 2024
To the Requester:
The Honorable Michael R. Helfrich
Mayor, City of York
24-553
Dear Mayor Helfrich:
This responds to your letter dated July 23, 2024, by which you requested an advisory from
the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
Whether, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
(Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), you would have a conflict of interest with regard to
be directed to a nonprofit corporation organized by the City for the purpose of working to
reduce group/gang-related violence, where you as the City Mayor would serve on the board
of directors of the nonprofit corporation.
Brief Answer: NO. As the City Mayor, you generally would have a conflict of interest
under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters that would financially impact you, a
member of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your
immediate family is associated. As an entity organized by the City, the nonprofit
corporation as defined by the Ethics
Act. Therefore, the nonprofit corporation would not be considered a business with which
you would be associated. Accordingly, under the submitted facts, you would not have a
conflict of interest with regard to using your public position as the City Mayor to raise
funds that would be directed to the nonprofit corporation for the purpose of working to
reduce group/gang-related violence.
Helfrich, 24-553
August 8, 2024
Page 2
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
In 2016 the City, through its Police Department, launched the Group Violence Intervention
in-related violence, foster
community engagement, and provide support for high-risk individuals in order to create a safer
community. The City organized the Initiative with dedicated employees as well as stakeholders
in the crime prevention and law enforcement realms. The three components of the Initiative are
law enforcement, community, and support and outreach, each of which serves a particular role.
You have submitted a copy of the Bylaws of the Governance Committee of the Initiative
Bylaws, the Governance Committee is composed of representatives from various governmental
offices or e
Police, a Support and Outreach Coordinator, a City-employed GVI Project Manager, and four
representatives from the community.
Although the Governance Committee has partnered with nonprofit organizations to help
with support and outreach, some of these organizations have found the work of the Initiative to be
too burdensome and distracting from their core missions. Due to the success of the Initiative, the
City would like to organize the Initiative as GVI York Inc., a nonprofit corporation separate from
the City. You have submitted a copy of the proposed Bylaws of GVI York Inc., which document
is incorporated herein by reference. Per the proposed Bylaws, the composition of the Board of
Directors of GVI York Inc. would be identical to the composition of the Governance Committee
of the Initiative. GVI York Inc. would raise funds from private entities and would be supported
by City funds.
You ask whether the elected officials and employees who would serve on the Board of
Directors of GVI York Inc., such as yourself as the City Mayor, the City Police Commissioner,
the York County District Attorney, and others, would have a conflict of interest with regard to
using their offices or public positions to raise funds that would be directed to GVI York Inc. for
the purpose of reducing group/gang-related violence. However, you did not establish legal
standing to request an advisory opinion as to the proposed conduct of anyone other than yourself.
Therefore, this advisory must be limited to addressing your own prospective conduct.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all material facts relevant
Helfrich, 24-553
August 8, 2024
Page 3
to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
(j) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three-member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 1103(j).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Conflict or conflict of interest. Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
Helfrich, 24-553
August 8, 2024
Page 4
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
Authority of office or employment. The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
Business. Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization,
self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity organized for profit.
Business with which he is associated. Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a financial interest.
Political subdivision. Any county, city, borough,
incorporated town, township, school district, vocational school,
county institution district, and any authority, entity or body
organized by the aforementioned.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to conflict of interest, imposes restrictions
upon public officials and public employees, and not their immediate family members or
businesses.
,/public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office or confidential information received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary (financial) benefit of the public official/public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to
any use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and
lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Helfrich, 24-553
August 8, 2024
Page 5
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As the City Mayor, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
You generally would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act with regard
to matters that would financially impact you, a member of your immediate family, or a business
with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated. Whether you would have a
conflict of interest with regard to matters that would financially impact GVI York Inc. hinges upon
whether GVI York Inc. would be a or in the alternative would be a
as those terms are defined by the Ethics Act.
county, city, borough and any authority, entity or body organized
by the aforementioned.Emphasis added.) If the City, which is itself a political subdivision,
would organize the Initiative as GVI York Inc., a nonprofit corporation separate from the City,
GVI York Inc. also would be a political subdivision as that term is defined by the Ethics Act.
Cf., Snyder, Opinion 05-007 (the fact that a foundation organized by a school district was
organized as a nonprofit corporation did not exclude the foundation from the definition of
Accordingly, GVI York Inc. would not be considered a business with
which you would be associated.
A pecuniary (financial) benefit flowing solely to a political subdivision such as GVI
York Inc. would not form the basis for a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics
Act. See, Confidential Opinion, 01-005; McCarrier/Anderson, Opinion 98-008; Warso, Order 974.
Accordingly, because the submitted facts do not indicate the existence of a basis for a conflict of
interest such as a private pecuniary benefit to you, a member of your immediate family, or a
business with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated, you would not have
a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act with regard to using your public
position as the City Mayor to raise funds that would be directed to GVI York Inc. for the purpose
of reducing group/gang-related violence.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Helfrich, 24-553
August 8, 2024
Page 6
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel