HomeMy WebLinkAbout24-550 GerardPHONE: 717-783-1610
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To the Requester:
Jason Gerard
Dear Mr. Gerard:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 25, 2024
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.ya.�4ov
24-550
This responds to your emails received July 10, 2024, and July 19, 2024, by which you
requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ("Commission"), seeking
guidance as to the issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act"), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
sec would impose restrictions upon you with regard to performing work for your new
employer, the Greater Pennsylvania Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association, following
termination of your employment as a Digital Media Specialist with the Democratic Caucus
of the Pennsylvania Senate.
Brief Answer: YES. During the first year following termination of your Commonwealth
employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Actwould apply and restrictoou from engaging
in any activity that would involve "representing" a "person" including but not limited
to your new employer, the Greater Pennsylvania Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association
before your "former governmental body," the Pennsylvania Senate.
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
You recently retired from your employment as a Digital Media Specialist with the
Democratic Caucus of the Pennsylvania Senate. You have submitted a copy of a job description
for your former position as a Digital Media Specialist, which document is incorporated herein by
reference.
Gerard, 24-550
July 25, 2024
Page 2
You state that during the last two years and eight months of your Commonwealth
employment, you did not serve in any capacity as a chief advisor or decision maker for the leader
of the Democratic Caucus, Pennsylvania State Senator Jay Costa. You were the manager of
multiple Democratic Caucus programs such as constituent engagement (Telephone Town Halls
and Robocalls) and Communications Support Services. You were not involved in any
procurement actions or decisions, grants or grant writing, appropriations activities, or any advisory
role that would have given you significant influence with any members of the Democratic Caucus.
You did not serve on the Health/Welfare or Aging/Youth Committees within the Democratic
Caucus.
You have been hired as the Director of State Affairs for the Greater Pennsylvania Chapter
of the Alzheimer's Association. You seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act would impose
prohibitions or restrictions upon you in your role as a contract lobbyist for the Greater
Pennsylvania Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association. In particular, you ask whether the one-year
post -employment restrictions of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from having engagement with
only the Democratic Caucus or from having engagement with all Members of the Pennsylvania
Senate and their staff.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
The post -employment restrictions of Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act apply to former
public officials/public employees. While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official/public employee from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former
public official/public employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental
body with which he has been associated":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. --No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with promised
or actual compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he leaves that
body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Gerard, 24-550
July 25, 2024
Page 3
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in any
activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following: personal
appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club
or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The governmental
body within State government or a political subdivision by which
the public official or employee is or has been employed or to which
the public official or employee is or has been appointed or elected
and subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses. It also includes the former public official/public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93-005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
The term "represent" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person in
a� activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3) submission of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89-005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body, constitutes an
attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also generally prohibits the
inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that
existed prior to termination of service with such governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012.
However, if such a pre-existing contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee
worked, the name of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by
the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion
95-011.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public employee
may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The former
public official/public employee may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not
be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude
making general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information
Gerard, 24-550
July 25, 2024
Page 4
which is available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/public employee
is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities. However, the "governmental
body with which a public official/public employee is or has been associated" is not limited to the
particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental body where the public official/public
employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of
House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006; Sharp, Opinion 90-009-R.
Conclusion:
In the former capacity as a Digital Media Specialist for the Democratic Caucus of the
Pennsylvania Senate, you were a "public employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations
of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. This conclusion is
based upon the submitted job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates
clearly that the power existed to take or recommend official action of a non -ministerial nature with
respect to one or more of the following: contracting; procurement; administering or monitoring
grants or subsidies; planning or zoning; inspecting; licensing; regulating; auditing; or other
activity(ies) where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of another
person.
Consequently, upon termination of your Commonwealth employment, you became a
"former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The governmental body
with which you are deemed to have been associated upon termination of your Commonwealth
employment is the Pennsylvania Senate in its entirety, including but not limited to all of its
Members and their staff as well as the Democratic Caucus. Accordingly, for the first year
following termination of your Commonwealth employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would apply to restrict you from engaging in "representation" of any "person" including your
new employer, the Greater Pennsylvania Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association before the
Pennsylvania Senate. The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
You are advised that during the first year following termination of your Commonwealth
employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from performing any job duties
for the Greater Pennsylvania Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association that would involve prohibited
representation before the Pennsylvania Senate. In particular, Section 1103(g) would prohibit you
from lobbying any Members or staff of the Pennsylvania Senate on behalf of the Greater
Pennsylvania Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
Gerard, 24-550
July 25, 2024
Page 5
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel