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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 19, 2024
To the Requester:
Joel M. Wiest, Esquire
Dear Mr. Wiest:
24-534
This responds to your letters dated March 26, 2024, and April 1, 2024, by which you
requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ("Commission"), seeking
guidance as to the issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether either of two individuals serving as township supervisors would have a conflict
of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics
Act"), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), with regard to participating in matters involving litigation
between the township and a fire company that was decertified as the township's fire service
provider, where one of the individuals ("Individual One") is a member and vice president
of the fire company and the other individual ("Individual Two") is a member of the fire
company.
Brief Answer: The fire company is a business with which Individual One is associated as
an officer. The fire company would not be considered a business with which Individual
Two is associated for purposes of the Ethics Act. Accordingly, Individual One generally
would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters before
the township board of supervisors involving the litigation between the township and the
fire company. Individual Two would not have a conflict of interest in matters before the
township board of supervisors involving the aforesaid litigation unless there would be some
basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary (financial) benefit to Individual
Two, a member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
Wiest, 24-534
April 19, 2024
Page 2
Facts:
You have been authorized by Wayne Bieber ("Mr. Bieber") and Travis Monk ("Mr.
Monk") to request an advisory from the Commission on their behalf. You have submitted facts
that may be fairly summarized as follows.
Mr. Bieber and Mr. Monk are Supervisors for East Chillisquaque Township ("the
Township"), located in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. In early 2023, at a time when Mr.
Monk was not yet a Member of the Township Board of Supervisors, Mr. Bieber and the other
Township Supervisors voted to permanently "decertify" the Township's fire service provider, the
Potts Grove Fire Company ("the Fire Company"), as a result of ongoing issues between the
Township and the Fire Company.
In May 2023, the Fire Company filed a complaint against the Township in the
Northumberland County Court of Common Pleas in relation to the Fire Company's decertification
by the Township. In June 2023, the Township filed both an answer to the complaint and a
counterclaim in relation to damages to a Township building and grounds that were leased to the
Fire Company and the termination of the lease between the Township and the Fire Company.
In January 2024, Mr. Monk took office as a Township Supervisor. In March 2024, the
Township filed a Petition for Contempt against the Fire Company relative to certain actions taken
by the Fire Company.
Mr. Bieber is a life member of the Fire Company. Mr. Monk is a member and Vice
President of the Fire Company.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether Mr. Bieber or Mr. Monk would
have a conflict of interest with regard to participating in matters before the Township Board of
Supervisors pertaining to the litigation between the Township and the Fire Company. To the extent
that Mr. Monk would have a conflict of interest, you ask whether the conflict of interest could be
avoided if Mr. Monk would resign as Vice President of the Fire Company.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all material facts relevant
to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
Wiest, 24-534
April 19, 2024
Page 3
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
0) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three -member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 11030).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
Wiest, 24-534
April 19, 2024
Page 4
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization,
self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, apublic official/public employee is prohibited from using
the authority of public office or confidential information received by holding such a public position
for the private pecuniary (financial) benefit of the public official/public employee himself, any
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of
authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying
for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be required
to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory exceptions
of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As Township Supervisors, Mr. Bieber and Mr. Monk are public officials subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Act. Mr. Bieber and Mr. Monk each would generally have a conflict of
interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters that would financially impact him, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
Wiest, 24-534
April 19, 2024
Page 5
With respect to Mr. Bieber, the Fire Company would not be considered a business with
which he is associated because under the submitted facts, he is not a director, officer, owner,
employee, or holder of a financial interest in the Fire Company. Therefore, unless there would be
a basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary (financial) benefit to Mr. Bieber, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated, Mr. Bieber would not have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics
Act with regard to participating in matters before the Township Board of Supervisors pertaining
to the litigation between the Township and the Fire Company.
With respect to Mr. Monk, the Fire Company is a business with which he is associated in
his capacity as an officer (i.e., Vice President). Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, Mr.
Monk generally would have a conflict of interest with regard to participating in matters before the
Township Board of Supervisors pertaining to the litigation between the Township and the Fire
Company.
If Mr. Monk would cease serving as the Vice President of the Fire Company and would
serve solely as a member of the Fire Company, the Fire Company would no longer be considered
a business with which Mr. Monk is associated. Under such circumstances, unless there would be
a basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary (financial) benefit to Mr. Monk, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated, Mr. Monk would not have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics
Act with regard to participating in matters before the Township Board of Supervisors pertaining
to the litigation between the Township and the Fire Company.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, the Township Supervisor with the conflict (i.e.,
Mr. Bieber or Mr. Monk) would be required to abstain from participation, which would include
voting unless one of the statutory exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be
applicable. Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would
have to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
Wiest, 24-534
April 19, 2024
Page 6
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel