HomeMy WebLinkAbout24-523 Peterson
PHONE: 717-783-1610
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 2, 2024
To the Requester:
Sarah Peterson
24-523
Dear Ms. Peterson:
This responds to your emails received March 13, 2024, and March 14, 2024, by which you
requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (“Commission”), seeking
guidance as to the general issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would impose restrictions upon you with regard to performing work for your new
employer, Fairmount Park Conservancy (“the Conservancy”), following termination of
your employment as the Communications Director for the Office of the Mayor (“the
Mayor’s Office”) of the City of Philadelphia (“the City”).
Brief Answer: YES. During the first year following termination of your employment with
the City, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict you from performing
any job duties that would involve “representation” of a “person” — including but not
limited to the Conservancy — before your “former governmental body,”the Mayor’s
Office.
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
You were employed as the Communications Director for the Mayor’s Office until January
2, 2024. As part of your role with the Mayor’s Office, you collaborated regularly with other City
departments in the executive branch to carry out communications from the City and the Mayor’s
administration. You reported to the Mayor’s Chief of Staff.
Peterson, 24-523
April 2, 2024
Page 2
As the Communications Director, you served as the lead spokesperson for Mayor Jim
Kenney and the City. You managed the eight-person Office of Communications, which was
composed of media relations and digital strategy teams. You also managed the Office of
Communications’ contract with an external communications firm. Your duties included: (1)
creating press releases and other forms of communications; (2) developing and executing
messaging and communications strategy for the Mayor’s administration to advance core priorities;
(3) facilitating the coordination of external communications across nearly 50 City departments and
offices and promoting consistent messaging, branding, and use of best practices; and (4) managing
crisis response communications in coordination with City leaders, public safety departments, local
elected officials, and state and federal partners as needed.
You are currently employed with the Conservancy, which is a 501(c)(3) non-profit
organization that supports City parks and collaborates with multiple City departments on
programming, events, and capital projects.
You seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions
upon you with regard to performing work for the Conservancy during the first year following
termination of your employment with the City. In particular, you ask whether you would be
permitted to represent the Conservancy before City departments or entities other than the Mayor’s
Office, such as Philadelphia Parks & Recreation and the City Department of Public Health.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the materialfacts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
During your employment as the Communications Director for the Mayor’s Office, you
were considered a “public employee” subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State
Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. This conclusion is based upon
the submitted facts, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicate clearly that the power
existed to take or recommend official action of a non-ministerial nature with respect to one or more
of the following: contracting; procurement; administering or monitoring grants or subsidies;
planning or zoning; inspecting; licensing; regulating; auditing; or other activity(ies) where the
economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of your employment with the City, you became a “former
public employee” subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official/public employee from
accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official/public employee
with regard to “representing” a “person” before “the governmental body with which he has been
associated”:
Peterson, 24-523
April 2, 2024
Page 3
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee.--No former public
official or public employee shall representa person, with promised
or actual compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he leaves that
body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms “represent,” “person,” and “governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated” are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
“Represent.” To act on behalf of any other person in any
activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following: personal
appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
“Person.” A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club
or other organization or group of persons.
“Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated.”The governmental
body within State government or a political subdivision by which
the public official or employee is or has been employed or to which
the public official or employee is or has been appointed or elected
and subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term “person” is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses. It also includes the former public official/public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93-005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
The term “represent” is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person in
any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3) submission of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89-005.
Peterson, 24-523
April 2, 2024
Page 4
Listing one’s name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body, constitutes an
attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also generally prohibits the
inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that
existed prior to termination of service with such governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012.
However, if such a pre-existing contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee
worked, the name of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by
the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion
95-011.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public employee
may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The former
public official/public employee may also counsel any person regarding that person’s appearance
before his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not
be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude
making general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information
which is available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to thatbody the representation of, or
work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/public employee
is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities. However, the “governmental
body with which a public official/public employee is or has been associated” is not limited to the
particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental body where the public official/public
employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of
House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006; Sharp, Opinion 90-009-R.
The governmental body with which you aredeemed to have been associated upon
termination of your employment with the City is the Mayor’s Office in its entirety. Therefore, for
the first year following termination of your employment with the City, Section 1103(g) of the
Ethics Act would restrict you from engaging in “representation” of a “person” — including but
not limited to the Conservancy — before the Mayor’s Office.
You are advised that during the first year following termination of your employment with
the City, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from performing work for the
Conservancy that would involve prohibited representation of the Conservancybefore the Mayor’s
Office. Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from representing the
Conservancy before Philadelphia Parks & Recreation, the City Department of Public Health, or
other City departments or entities subject to the condition that in so doing, you would not engage
in prohibited representation before the Mayor’s Office as delineated above.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered.
Peterson, 24-523
April 2, 2024
Page 5
Conclusion:
During your employment as the Communications Director for the Mayor’s Office, you
were considered a “public employee” subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State
Ethics Commission. Upon termination of your employment with the City, you became a “former
public employee” subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. Your former governmental body
isthe Mayor’s Office inits entirety. For the first year following termination of your employment
with the City, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict you from engaging in
“representation” of a “person” — including but not limited to your new employer, the Conservancy
— before the Mayor’s Office. The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be
followed.
During the first year following termination of your employment with the City, Section
1103(g) of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from performing work for the Conservancy that
would involve prohibited representation of the Conservancy before the Mayor’s Office. Section
1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from representing the Conservancy before
Philadelphia Parks & Recreation, the City Department of Public Health, or other City departments
or entitiessubject to the condition that in so doing, you would not engage in prohibited
representation before the Mayor’s Office as delineated above.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfullyall the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually receivedat the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel