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To the Requester:
Joseph Colyer
Dear Mr. Colyer:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 13, 2024
24-517
This responds to your letter dated February 22, 2024, by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ("Commission"), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
Facts:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act''), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101,
et sec ., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon you with regard to being appointed
as a Member of the Pocono Mountain Regional Police Commission, where in a private
capacity, you own a local towing company that handles calls for towing and roadside
assistance services from police officers of the Pocono Mountain Regional Police
Department.
Brief Answer: The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from being appointed as a Member
of the Pocono Mountain Regional Police Commission. However, if you would be
appointed to that position, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to conflict of
interest, would prohibit you from using the authority of your public position as a Member
of the Pocono Mountain Regional Police Commission or confidential information accessed
or received as a result of being in that position in furtherance of your or your towing
company's business interests.
You request an advisory from the Commission based on the following submitted facts.
Colyer, 24-517
March 13, 2024
Page 2
You are a Supervisor for Tobyhanna Township ("Township"). There are two seats on the
Pocono Mountain Regional Police Commission ("Regional Police Commission") that need to be
filled by Township Supervisors. The Regional Police Commission provides police coverage to
the Township and other townships through the Pocono Mountain Regional Police Department
("Regional Police Department").
In a private capacity, you own a local towing company that provides services to multiple
townships, some of which receive police coverage from the Regional Police Department. Your
towing company handles calls from police officers of the Regional Police Department for towing
and roadside assistance services in a coverage area assigned to your towing company by the
Regional Police Department. The coverage policies put in place by the Regional Police
Department are followed by police officers who are assisting the public when responding to
vehicle -related emergencies. Your towing company does not receive any type of special treatment
from the Regional Police Department while in the course of doing business in the coverage area
assigned to it.
You seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act would impose any prohibitions or
restrictions upon you with regard to being appointed as a Member of the Regional Police
Commission.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all material facts relevant
to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
0) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
Colyer, 24-517
March 13, 2024
Page 3
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three -member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 11030).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization,
self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity organized for profit.
Colyer, 24-517
March 13, 2024
Page 4
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest" (i.e., the "de minimis exclusion" and the "class/subclass exclusion"), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is prohibited from using the authority of public
office or confidential information received by holding such a public position for the private
pecuniary (financial) benefit of the public official/public employee himself, any member of his
immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of authority of
office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a particular
result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As a Township Supervisor, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics
Act. Your towing company is a business with which you are associated as the owner.
The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from being appointed as a Member of the Regional
Police Commission. If you would be appointed as a Member of the Regional Police Commission,
you would in that capacity also be a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to conflict of interest, imposes restrictions
upon public officials and public employees in their public capacities and not their private
capacities. Therefore, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you, in your private
capacity, from continuing to provide towing services through your towing company in response to
calls from police officers of the Regional Police Department for towing and roadside assistance
services. However, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from using the authority
of your public position as a Member of the Regional Police Commission or confidential
information accessed or received as a result of being in that position in furtherance of your or your
towing company's business interests.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Colyer, 24-517
March 13, 2024
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel