HomeMy WebLinkAbout03-600 HowardJudy Howard
420 Race Street
Waynesburg, PA 15370
Dear Ms. Howard:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 19, 2003
03 -600
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Member; Borough Council; Immediate Family;
Borough Manager; Executive Session.
This responds to your letter of October 17, 2003, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a borough council
member as to continuing to serve on borough council while her spouse serves as
borough manager.
Facts:You are a Member of the Council of Waynesburg Borough ( "Borough "). Your
spouse has accepted the position of Borough Manager. Your spouse s term as
Borough Manager begins on December 17, 2003. You ask whether you may continue
to serve on Borough Council while your spouse serves as Borough Manager. You state
your understanding that you must abstain from participating in any issues that concern
your spouse, and that you must not be present during executive sessions.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As a Member of the Council of Waynesburg Borough ( "Borough ") you are a
public official as that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and hence you are subject to the
provisions of that Act.
Howard, 03 -600
November 19, 2003
Page 2
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
Howard, 03 -600
November 19, 2003
Page 3
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public official/
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the
disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, pursuant
to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/
public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he or a member of his immediate family is associated. The term "immediate family" is
defined to include a parent, spouse, child, brother, or sister.
Although there is no prohibition or restriction under the Ethics Act that would
preclude you from serving as a Borough Council Member while your spouse serves as
the Borough Manager, as a Borough Council Member, you would have a conflict of
interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act as to any matter before you that would
result in a financial gain to yourself or to your spouse. In each instance of a conflict, you
would be required to abstain and to observe the disclosure requirements under Section
1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
As to whether you must not be present during executive sessions, such is
beyond the scope of the Ethics Act. However, it is noted that you may not use the
authority of your office or confidential information for the private pecuniary benefit of
your spouse.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Borough Code.
Conclusion: As a Member of the Council of Waynesburg Borough ( "Borough "),
you are a public official as that term is defined in the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Act ("Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Although there is no prohibition or
Howard, 03 -600
November 19, 2003
Page 4
restriction under the Ethics Act that would preclude you from serving as a Borough
Council Member while your spouse serves as the Borough Manager, as a Borough
Council Member, you would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act as to any matter before you that would result in a financial gain to yourself or
to your spouse. In each instance of a conflict, you would be required to abstain and to
observe the disclosure requirements under Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act. As to
whether you must not be present during executive sessions, such is beyond the scope
of the Ethics Act. However, it is noted that you may not use the authority of your office
or confidential information for the private pecuniary benefit of your spouse. Lastly, the
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel