HomeMy WebLinkAbout03-009 BlazosekDear Mr. Blazosek:
I. ISSUE:
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Before: Louis W. Fryman, Chair
John J. Bolger, Vice Chair
Daneen E. Reese
Frank M. Brown
Donald M. McCurdy
Michael J. Healey
Paul M. Henry
DATE DECIDED: 9/16/03
DATE MAILED: 9/29/03
03 -009
Joseph M. Blazosek, Esquire
225 Wyoming Avenue
West Pittston, PA 18643
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Member; Transit Authority; Personnel Policy;
Mileage Reimbursement for Transit Authority Board Members.
This Opinion is issued in response to your advisory request letters dated April 24, May
1, and July 3, 2003.
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101
et seq., would present any prohibition or restrictions upon members of a transit authority with
regard to a proposed personnel policy change that would allow the authority members to be
reimbursed for mileage for use of their private vehicles while attending to authority business.
II. FACTUAL BASIS FOR DETERMINATION:
As Solicitor for the Luzerne County Transportation Authority ( "Transit Authority "), you
have been authorized by Members of the Transit Authority Board to seek an advisory opinion
from this Commission regarding a proposed change to the Transit Authority's personnel policy.
Specifically, the Transit Authority's current personnel policy permits employees to be
reimbursed for mileage when they use their personal automobiles for Transit Authority
business. The question that you pose is whether it would be permissible under the Ethics Act
for the personnel policy to be changed so as to also permit Board Members to receive the
same mileage reimbursement for use of their private automobiles for Transit Authority
business, including, for example, trips from their homes to the Transit Authority office for the
purpose of signing documents.
By letter dated August 7, 2003, you were notified of the date, time and location of the
public meeting at which your request would be considered.
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September 29, 2003
Page 2
III. DISCUSSION:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107 (11) of the Ethics Act,
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based upon the facts
that the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the
requestor has submitted, this Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of
the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the
requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§
1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully
disclosed all of the material facts.
As Members of the Transit Authority Board, the individuals on whose behalf you have
inquired are public officials subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by
any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his interest
as a public record in a written memorandum filed with the person
responsible for recording the minutes of the meeting at which the
vote is taken, provided that whenever a governing body would be
unable to take any action on a matter before it because the
number of members of the body required to abstain from voting
under the provisions of this section makes the majority or other
legally required vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a three - member
governing body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and the
remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as
otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms pertaining to conflicts of interest are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
Blazosek 03 -009
September 29, 2003
Page 3
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated. The term does not include an action having a de
minimis economic impact or which affects to the same degree a
class consisting of the general public or a subclass consisting of
an industry, occupation or other group which includes the public
official or public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information
received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
In the instant matter, there is no question that by participating in official action to
change the Transit Authority's personnel policy, the Transit Authority Members on whose
behalf you have inquired would be "using the authority" of their public positions. See 53
Pa.C.S. § 5607(d).
It is also clear that mileage reimbursements would constitute a pecuniary benefit to the
Transit Authority Members. However, what must be determined is whether such mileage
reimbursements would constitute a private ecuniary benefit completing the elements for a
conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act.
Although this Commission does not have the statutory jurisdiction to interpret laws
other than the Ethics Act, such other laws do become relevant in determining whether a
particular pecuniary benefit is authorized in law and therefore permitted under the Ethics Act,
or is not authorized in law and therefore considered a private pecuniary benefit which may
form the basis for a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. See
O'Connor, Order 1269 at 26; Ferrie, Opinion 03 -004; Thompson, Opinion 99 -005, at 3 -4. See
also, Patterson, Order 1023; Rohanna, Opinion 01 -003; Marsh, Opinion 93 -007.
In considering your inquiry, we note that the Municipality Authorities Act provides, in
pertinent part, as follows:
§ 5610. Governing body
(d) Successor. Members shall hold office until their
successors have been appointed and may succeed themselves
and, except members of the boards of authorities organized or
created by a school district, shall receive such salaries as may be
determined by the governing body of the municipality, but no
salaries shall be increased or diminished by a governing body
during the term for which the member shall have been appointed.
53 Pa.C.S. § 5610(d) (Emphasis added).
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September 29, 2003
Page 4
On its face, the above provision of law clearly establishes two points: (1) the
Municipality Authorities Act expressly authorizes only salaries, not mileage reimbursements,
for authority board members; and (2) the Municipality Authorities Act requires that the salaries
of authority board members be set by the governing body of the municipality, not by the
authority board members themselves.
With regard to the first point, specifically, that the Municipality Authorities Act expressly
authorizes only salaries, not mileage reimbursements, for authority board members, we note
that a public official is only entitled to the compensation that he is expressly authorized by
statute to receive. See, Cotlar v. Warminster Township, 302 A.2d 859 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1973). It
has been held that absent express statutory authority, a public official is not entitled to receive
mileage reimbursements. See, Wherry v. Mercer County Commissioners, 49 Pa. D. & C.2d
252 (1969). Certainly, the General Assembly knows how to authorize mileage
reimbursements for those who are intended to receive them. See, e.q., 53 P.S. § 65606(a).
When, as in the instant matter, a statute expressly authorizes a "salary" for a public official but
omits any authorization for mileage reimbursements to the public official, the necessary
conclusion is that the General Assembly intended to exclude mileage reimbursements from
the authorized payments to such public official. (Cf., Glinka v. Workmen's Compensation
Appeal Board, 462 A.2d 909 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1983), applying the maxim of statutory
construction, "expressio unius est exclusio alterius ").
With regard to the second point, specifically, that the Municipality Authorities Act
requires that the salaries of authority board members be set by the governing body of the
municipality, not by the authority board members themselves (see, e.q., Delman, Order 1183;
Donald, Order 1184; Hines, Order 1185), we conclude that the use by authority board
members of a "personnel policy" to circumvent the requirements of the Municipality Authorities
Act so as to augment their own compensation would contravene Section 1103(a) of the Ethics
Act.
You are therefore advised that the Transit Authority Board Members would be
prohibited under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act from changing the Transit Authority's
personnel policy to permit Transit Authority Board Members to receive mileage
reimbursements for use of their private automobiles for Transit Authority business. Such
action would constitute a use of the authority of their public offices for the private
(unauthorized) pecuniary benefit of themselves.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an interpretation of the
Ethics Act.
IV. CONCLUSION:
Members of a county transportation authority ( "Transit Authorityy' ) are public officials
subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
seq. Given that the Municipality Authorities Act: (1) expressly authorizes only salaries, not
mileage reimbursements, for authority board members; and (2) requires that the salaries of
authority board members be set by the governing body of the municipality, not by the authority
board members themselves, Transit Authority Board Members would be prohibited under
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act from changing the Transit Authority's personnel policy to
permit Transit Authority Board Members to receive mileage reimbursements for use of their
private automobiles for Transit Authority business.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Blazosek 03 -009
September 29, 2003
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 1107(10), the person who acts in good faith on this Opinion issued
to him shall not be subject to criminal or civil penalties for so acting provided the material facts
are as stated in the request.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, a party may request the Commission to reconsider its Opinion. The
reconsideration request must be received at this Commission within thirty days of the mailing
date of this Opinion. The party requesting reconsideration must include a detailed explanation
of the reasons as to why reconsideration should be granted in conformity with 51 Pa. Code §
21.29(b).
By the Commission,
Louis W. Fryman
Chair