HomeMy WebLinkAbout23-528 Confidential
PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 11, 2023
To the Requester:
23-528
This responds to your letter dated April 28, 2023, by which you requested a confidential
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (“Commission”), seeking guidance as
to the issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether,pursuant to Section 1103(a) ofthe Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
(“Ethics Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), a member of a \[Political Subdivision Governing
Body\] would have a conflict of interest with regard to participating in discussions, votes,
or other actions of the \[Political Subdivision Governing Body\] pertaining to the hiring of a
\[Political Subdivision Employee\], where one of the applicants for the position of \[Political
Subdivision Employee\] is an individual who the member of the \[Political Subdivision
Governing Body\] has been dating for an extended period of time.
Brief Answer: NO. Because the individual is not a member of the \[Political Subdivision
Governing Body\] member’s “immediate family” as that term is defined in the Ethics Act,
the fact that the individual is an applicant for the position of \[Political Subdivision
Employee\] would not be a basis for the \[Political Subdivision Governing Body\] member
to have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act with regard to
participating in discussions, votes, or other actions of the \[Political Subdivision Governing
Body\] pertaining to the hiring of a \[Political Subdivision Employee\].
Facts:
You request a confidential advisory from the Commission based upon the following
submitted facts.
Confidential Advice, 23-528
May 11, 2023
Page 2
You are a Member of the \[Governing Body\] of the \[Political Subdivision\], located in
\[County\], Pennsylvania. As a result of the current \[Political Subdivision Employee’s\] impending
retirement, the \[Political Subdivision\]has received several applications for the position of
\[Political Subdivision Employee\]. One of the applicants for the position is an individual (“the
Individual”) who you have been dating for an extended period of time. You and the Individual
have separate households, and you and the Individual do not have any children together. You and
the Individual do not share ownership of any real or personal property, have any financial interests
in common, or have any shared debts, bank accounts, or assets.
You seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act would impose any prohibitions or
restrictions upon you with regard to participating in actions of the \[Political Subdivision Governing
Body\] pertaining to the hiring of a \[Political Subdivision Employee\], including but not limited to:
(1) engaging in discussions with regard to the term of office, salary, and benefits for the position;
(2) interviewing candidates for the position; and (3) voting on the hiring of a candidate for the
position.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all material facts relevant
to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
(j) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
Confidential Advice, 23-528
May 11, 2023
Page 3
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three-member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 1103(j).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
“Conflict” or “conflict of interest.” Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
“Authority of office or employment.” The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
“Immediate family.” A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to conflict of interest, imposes restrictions
upon public officials and public employees, and not their immediate family members or
businesses. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act’s definition of the term “conflict”
or “conflict of interest,” 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office or confidential information received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary (financial) benefit of the public official/public employee himself,
Confidential Advice, 23-528
May 11, 2023
Page 4
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to
any use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and
lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As a Member ofthe \[Political Subdivision Governing Body\], you are a public official
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you
generally would have a conflict of interest in matters before the \[Political Subdivision Governing
Body\] that would financially impact you, a member of your immediate family, or a business with
which you or a member of your immediate family is associated.
The Individual is not a member of your “immediate family” as that term is defined in the
Ethics Act. Since the Individual is not a member of your immediate family, the fact that the
Individual is an applicant for the position of \[Political Subdivision Employee\] would not be a basis
for you to have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act with regard to
participating in actions of the \[Political Subdivision Governing Body\] pertaining to the hiring of a
\[Political Subdivision Employee\]. Accordingly, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not
prohibit you from engaging in discussions regarding the term of office, salary, and benefits for the
position of \[Political Subdivision Employee\], interviewing candidates for the position, or voting
on the hiring of a candidate for the position.
However, if the Individual would be hired as the \[Political Subdivision Employee\] and
would subsequently become your spouse, you would then generally have a conflict of interest in
matters before the \[Political Subdivision Governing Body\] pertaining to the Individual’s
employment as the \[Political Subdivision Employee\]. In each instance of a conflict of interest,
you would be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the
disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event
of a voting conflict.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
Confidential Advice, 23-528
May 11, 2023
Page 5
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually receivedat the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel