HomeMy WebLinkAbout22-558 MaldetPHONE: 717-783-1610
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To the Requester:
Daniel Maldet
Dear Mr. Mallet:
IK �V
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
December 21, 2022
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.etliics.pa.gov
22-558
This responds to your letter received November 22, 2022, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission ("Commission"'), seeking guidance as
to the issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act"), 65 Pa.C, S. § 1101 et
sec.., would impose any prohibitions or restrictions upon you with regard to performing job
duties for an engineering firm following termination of your employment as a Civil
Engineer Trainee with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation ("PerinDOT").
Facts:
BriefAnswer: YES. During the first year following termination of your employment with
PemiDOT, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict you from performing
any job duties that would involve "representation" of a "person" — including but not limited
to a new employer such as an engineering firm — before PennDOT.
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
As of June 2022, you completed ten months of employment as a Civil Engineer Trainee
with PennDOT in Engineering District 9-0 ("District 9-0"). You subsequently obtained
employment at a local construction company. While you were employed with PennDOT, your job
responsibilities included plans preparation for in-house roadway projects. You state that you were
not involved in preparing planned project notices, advertising projects, scoping field views,
preparing scope -of -work or cost estimates, reviewing Statements of Interests, selecting projects,
approving or releasing project payments, or corresponding or interacting with contractors,
engineers, municipalities, or business partners.
Maldet, 22-558
December 21, 2022
Page 2
You are currently employed with an engineering firm (the "Engineering Firm") as an entry-
level engineer/Engineer I in a structures and highways design department. You began working for
the Engineering Firm in September 2022 in order to continue your training in roadway design and
possibly obtain training in bridge design as well as your CBSI certification. In the next year, you
will not be responsible for making any design decisions or signing any documents as it will take
several years to reach the level of competency required to do so.
The Engineering Firm has been the bridge engineer for a county (the "County") for more
than 25 years. The County selects its bridge engineer via a qualifications -based selection process
every five years. Contracts that the County awarded to the Engineering Firm are being
administered through the Engineering Construction Management System ("ECMS").
Based upon the above submitted facts, you seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act
would impose any restrictions upon you with regard to performing job duties for the Engineering
Firm. In particular, you pose the following questions:
(1) Whether you would be permitted to perform design and drafting activities on
County projects for the Engineering Firm; and
(2) Whether you would be permitted to actively participate in field training on NBIS
contracts in order to begin your pursuit of a CBSI certification.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1 107(1 1) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As the submitted facts do not include a position description for your former position with
PennDOT, this Advice assumes, without deciding, that during your employment as a Civil
Engineer Trainee with PennDOT in District 9-0, you were considered a "public employee" subject
to the provisions of the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65
Pa. C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. (It is noted that Civil Engineers with PennDOT are considered
public employees subject to the Ethics Act.)
Consequently, upon termination of your employment with PennDOT, you became a
"former public employee" subject to Section I I03(g) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
Maldet, 22-558
December 21, 2022
Page 3
(g) Former official or employee. —No former public
official or public employee shall represent a ep rson, with promised
or actual compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he leaves that
body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The following terms related to Section 1103(g) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 11.02. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in any
activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following: personal
appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club
or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The governmental
body within State government or a political subdivision by which
the public official or employee is or has been employed or to which
the public official or employee is or has been appointed or elected
and subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential Opinion, 93-005, as
well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person
in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; 3) submission of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body, constitutes an
attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also generally prohibits the
inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that
Maid et, 22-558
December 21, 2422
Page 4
existed prior to termination of service with such governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012.
However, if such a pre-existing contract does not involve the unit where the former public
employee worked, the name of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if
required by the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrarns/Webster,
Opinion 95-011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public employee
may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The former public
official/public employee may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before
his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not be
revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making
general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/public employee
is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities. However, the "governmental
body with which a public off cial/public employee is or has been associated" is not limited to the
particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental body where the public official/public
employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of
House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006; Sharp, Opinion 90-009-R.
The governmental body with which you are deemed to have been associated upon
termination of your employment with PennDOT is PennDOT in its entirety, including but not
limited to District 9-0. Therefore, for the first year following termination of your employment with
PennDOT, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a
"person" ---- including but not limited to your new employer, the Engineering Firm — before
PennDOT.
Turning to your specific questions, you are advised that Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would not prohibit you from performing design and drafting activities on County projects for the
Engineering Firm or actively participating in field training on NBIS contracts in order to begin
your pursuit of a CBSI certification as long as in so doing, you would not engage in prohibited
representation before PennDOT as set forth above.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct than the
Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion:
This Advice assumes, without deciding, that during your employment as a Civil Engineer
Trainee with PennDOT in District 9-0, you were considered a "public employee" subject to the
Maidet, 22-558
December 21, 2022
Page 5
provisions of the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa. C.S.
§ 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. Upon termination of your employment with PennDOT, you became
a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. Your former
governmental body is PennDOT in its entirety, including but not limited to District 9-0. For the
first year following termination of your employment with PennDOT, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics
Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a "person" — including but not limited to your new
employer, the Engineering Firm — before PennDOT. The restrictions as to representation outlined
above must be followed.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from performing design and
drafting activities on County projects for the Engineering Firm or actively participating in field
training on NBIS contracts in order to begin your pursuit of a CBSI certification as long as in so
doing, you would not engage in prohibited representation before PennDOT as set forth above.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel