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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 13, 2022
To the Requester:
Christopher T. Spadoni, Esquire
Dear Mr. Spadoni:
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
22-555
This responds to your correspondence dated November 4, 2022, and November 11, 2022,
by which you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission
("Commission"), seeking guidance as to the issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
("Ethics Act"), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), an individual serving as a Member and Chairperson
of Northampton County Council ("County Council"), who in a private capacity is
employed with St. Luke's Hospital, would have a conflict of interest with regard to
participating in discussions or votes of County Council on a proposed contract between
Northampton County ("County") and Integrity Health for the establishment of a
Northampton Partnership Health Center to provide healthcare services to County
employees.
Brief Answer: The individual would not have a conflict of interest and would not violate
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act by participating in discussions or votes of County
Council on the aforesaid proposed contract between the County and Integrity Health
unless: (1) the individual would be consciously aware of a private pecuniary (financial)
benefit for herself or St. Luke's Hospital, which is a business with which the individual is
associated in her capacity as an employee; (2) the individual's action(s) would constitute
one or more specific steps to attain that benefit; and (3) neither of the statutory exclusions
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December 13, 2022
Page 2
to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict of interest" as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. § 1102, would be applicable.'
Facts:
You have been authorized to request an advisory from the Commission on behalf of Lori
Vargo Heffner ("Ms. Vargo Heffner"). You have submitted facts, the material portion of which
may be fairly summarized as follows:
Ms. Vargo Heffner is a Member and Chairperson of County Council. In a private capacity,
Ms. Vargo Heffner is employed with St. Luke's Hospital.
You state that it is anticipated that a proposed contract between the County and Integrity
Health will be presented to County Council. You have submitted a copy of a memorandum dated
September 12, 2022, from Douglas R. Forrester, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
Integrity Health, to Lamont McClure, County Executive, and another County official. It is noted
that the memorandum provides that the proposed contract between the County and Integrity Health
relates to the establishment of a Northampton Partnership Health Center to provide healthcare
services to County employees. St. Luke's Hospital is not involved with the proposed contract.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether the Ethics Act would impose any
prohibitions or restrictions upon Ms. Vargo Heffner with regard to participating in discussions or
votes of County Council on the proposed contract between the County and Integrity Health.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all material facts relevant
to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the
requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
0) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
' Action that has a de minimis (insignificant) economic impact or that affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which includes the public official or public employee, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated, does not constitute a conflict of interest.
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December 13, 2022
Page 3
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three -member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 11030).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization,
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December 13, 2022
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self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest" (i.e., the de minimis exclusion and the class/subclass exclusion), 65 Pa.C.S.
§ 1102, a public official/public employee is prohibited from using the authority of public office or
confidential information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary
(financial) benefit of the public official/public employee himself, any member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated. The use
of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of authority of office
including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a particular
result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Per the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's decision in Kistler v. State Ethics Commission, 610
Pa. 516, 22 A.3d 223 (2011), in order to violate Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public
official/public employee:
... must act in such a way as to put his [office/public position] to the
purpose of obtaining for himself a private pecuniary benefit. Such
directed action implies awareness on the part of the [public
official/public employee] of the potential pecuniary benefit as well
as the motivation to obtain that benefit for himself.
Kistler, supra, 610 Pa. at 523, 22 A.3d at 227. To violate Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a
public official/public employee "must be consciously aware of a private pecuniary benefit for
himself, his family, or his business, and then must take action in the form of one or more specific
steps to attain that benefit." Id., 610 Pa. at 528, 22 A.3d at 231.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As a Member and Chairperson of County Council, Ms. Vargo Heffner is a public official
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. St. Luke's Hospital is a business with which Ms. Vargo
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December 13, 2022
Page 5
Heffner is associated in her capacity as an employee. Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics
Act, Ms. Vargo Heffner generally would have a conflict of interest in matters before County
Council that would financially impact her or St. Luke's Hospital.
In response to your specific question, you are advised that Ms. Vargo Heffner would not
have a conflict of interest and would not violate Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act by participating
in discussions or votes of County Council on the proposed contract between the County and
Integrity Health for the establishment of a Northampton Partnership Health Center to provide
healthcare services to County employees unless: (1) Ms. Vargo Heffner would be consciously
aware of a private pecuniary (financial) benefit for herself or St. Luke's Hospital; (2) her action(s)
would constitute one or more specific steps to attain that benefit; and (3) neither of the statutory
exclusions to the definition of "conflict" or "conflict of interest" as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. § 1102, would be applicable
In each instance of a conflict of interest, Ms. Vargo Heffner would be required to abstain
from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory exceptions of Section
11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure requirements of
Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
01L�/4, 44
Martin W. Harter
Acting Chief Counsel