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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
September 6, 2022
To the Requester:
Dear Falco A. Muscante, Esquire:
22-533
This responds to your correspondence dated August 4, 2022, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking guidance as to
the issue presented below:
Issue:
Facts:
Whether, pursuant to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S.
§ 1101 et seq., an individual (the Individual) serving as Borough Council President would
be permitted to resign from Borough Council and subsequently be appointed by the other
members of Borough Council to the newly created position of Borough Manager?
Brief Answer: YES. The Ethics Act would permit the Individual to resign from Borough
Council and be appointed as the Borough Manager by the remaining Borough Council
members subject to the condition that the Individual would not use the authority of the
Individual's public position as Borough Council President or confidential information
received by being Borough Council President to advance the Individual's prospects of
obtaining employment as the Borough Manager.
You have been authorized to request an advisory from the Commission based upon
submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
The Borough of Glassport (Borough) is located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Elaina
Skiba (Ms. Skiba) serves as Borough Council President. After attending the Allegheny League of
Municipalities (ALOM) conference in April 2022, Borough Council Vice President, Anthony
Colecchi (Mr. Colecchi), expressed his opinion that the Borough would benefit from the creation
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September 6, 2022
Page 2
and staffing of a Borough Manager position. At the April 19, 2022 voting meeting of Borough
Council, when the executive session began and Mr. Colecchi brought up the creation of a Borough
Manager position, Ms. Skiba immediately advised that she possibly could be interested in the
position and did not believe that she should take part in any conversations on the subject moving
forward. Ms. Skiba excused herself and left the meeting room. Borough Council subsequently
authorized Mr. Colecchi to work with the Borough Solicitor to create the Borough Manager
position.
Mr. Colecchi and the Borough Solicitor created a draft ordinance that would create the
Borough Manager position. Ms. Skiba had no interactions with the Borough Solicitor regarding
the draft ordinance. At the May 3, 2022 workshop session, Ms. Skiba excused herself again when
the Borough Manager position was discussed in executive session. At the May 10, 2022 voting
meeting, Borough Council voted unanimously to advertise with the intent to adopt the ordinance
to create the Borough Manager position. Ms. Skiba did not take part in the vote and again excused
herself from the executive session discussion regarding the ordinance.
On May 27, 2022, there was an email exchange between the Borough Solicitor and Mr.
Colecchi regarding preparation of the job description for the Borough Manager position. Ms. Skiba
was copied on that email exchange but did not provide comment or direction. The job description
was finalized without input from Ms. Skiba. At the June 21, 2022 voting meeting, Borough Council
adopted the ordinance establishing the position of Borough Manager and voted to advertise the job
position. Ms. Skiba did not make or second either motion nor did she register a vote on either
motion.
The position of Borough Manager was advertised in several local newspapers, Indeed.com
and through the Local Government Academy, as well as on social media. Ms. Skiba did not
participate in any discussions and expressed no opinions as to where the job advertisement should
be placed. The advertisements garnered 16 applicants for the position that, when reviewed by the
reviewing committee, was reduced to four (4) final applicants because of the lack of the required
education or experience of the other 12 applicants. Ms. Skiba was selected as one of the four
finalists for the position.
Ms. Skiba was not part of the reviewing committee, did not participate in any of the
communications regarding this process, nor did she participate in the process itself. The reviewing
committee was composed of three (3) members of Borough Council. All finalists, including Ms.
Skiba, were asked the exact same questions in each interview. Ms. Skiba took no part in reviewing
the applications, determining credentials of the applicants or interviewing any of the applicants.
At the July 12, 2022 workshop meeting, Mr. Colecchi asked Ms. Skiba to leave the
executive session before discussing the outcome of the interview process. After reviewing each of
the finalist's responses to the interview questions, Mr. Colecchi advised that it was the unanimous
opinion of the interviewing committee to recommend Ms. Skiba for the position. The Borough
Solicitor advised Council that to be appointed, Ms. Skiba would have to resign from her current
employment and from her position on Borough Council.
You seek guidance as to whether there would be an impermissible conflict of interest or
any other ethical issues with regard to a Borough Council President (hereinafter referred to as an
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September 6, 2022
Page 3
Individual) resigning from Borough Council and subsequently being appointed to the newly
created position of Borough Manager when the Individual took no part in creating the position of
Borough Manager or determining the qualifications for the position, did notparticipate in Borough
Council discussions concerning the interview process or the merits of the candidates, and removed
herself from all executive sessions that discussed the Borough Manager position.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all the material facts
relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the
extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all the material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
0) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three -member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
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September 6, 2022
Page 4
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, apublic official/public employee is prohibited from using
the authority of public office/employment or confidential information received by holding such a
public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of
authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying
for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
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September 6, 2022
Page 5
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows.
As Borough Council President, the Individual is a public official subject to the provisions
of the Ethics Act. Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit the Individual from using the
authority of the Individual's current public position as Borough Council President or confidential
information received by being Borough Council President to advance an opportunity of
employment with the Borough. As Borough Council President, the Individual generally would
have a conflict of interest in matters pertaining to the hiring of the newly created position of
Borough Manager given the Individual's interest in being employed as the Borough Manager.
Such matters would include, but would not be limited to, establishing the j ob duties for the position
of Borough Manager, determining the necessary qualifications for the position, reviewing
applications, or screening or interviewing applicants.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, the Individual would be required to abstain from
participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory exceptions of Section 11030)
of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 11030)
of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
You are advised that subject to the condition that the Individual would not use the authority
of the Individual's public position as Borough Council President or confidential information
received by being Borough Council President to advance the Individual's prospects of obtaining
employment as the Borough Manager, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit the
Individual from resigning from Borough Council and subsequently being appointed as the
Borough Manager by the remaining Members of the Glassport Borough Council. Cf., Sauder,
Order 1774; Stevens, Advice 13-586; Allwein, Advice 13-549; Warren, Advice 12-569.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act; the
applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than
the Ethics Act has not been considered, in that they do not involve an interpretation of the Ethics
Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the Borough Code.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
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September 6, 2022
Page 6
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Bridget K. Guilfoyle
Chief Counsel