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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 25, 2022
To the Requester:
Mr. Gary L. Sweat, Esquire
Dear Attorney Sweat:
22-514
This responds to your letter received March 14, 2022, and your email received March 15,
2022, by which you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission
(Commission), seeking guidance as to the issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
(Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a), an individual who is a newly -elected Supervisor for
Union Township (Township), Washington County, Pennsylvania, would have a conflict of
interest with regard to participating in settlement negotiations, deliberations, executive
sessions, votes, or other actions of the Township Board of Supervisors involving two
lawsuits between the Township and the Peters Creek Sanitary Authority (Authority), where
prior to being elected as a Township Supervisor, the individual executed a sworn affidavit
which could be adversarial to the Township's legal position in those lawsuits?
Brief Answer: Unless there would be some basis for a conflict of interest such as a private
pecuniary benefit for the individual, a member of the individual's immediate family, or a
business with which the individual or a member of the individual's immediate family is
associated, the individual would not have a conflict of interest as a Township Supervisor
with regard to participating in settlement negotiations, deliberations, executive sessions,
votes, or other actions of the Township Board of Supervisors involving the lawsuits
between the Township and the Authority.
Facts:
As the Solicitor for the Township, you have been requested by Ms. Michalle Dupree (Ms.
Dupree) to obtain an advisory from the Commission on her behalf. You state that Township
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March 25, 2022
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Supervisors Heather Daerr and Richard Lawson are aware of your request for an advisory from
the Commission. You have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows:
Ms. Dupree was recently elected as a Township Supervisor, and she began serving her term
on January 3, 2022. The Township Board of Supervisors consists of five Members.
The Authority is a joint municipal authority organized under the Municipality Authorities
Act, 53 Pa.C.S. § 5601 etseq. The Authority provides sanitary sewer service to the Township and
other municipalities. The Township is entitled to appoint three Members to the Authority Board
pursuant to the Authority's Articles of Incorporation and the Municipality Authorities Act.
Mr. Richard Lawson (Mr. Lawson) is a Township Supervisor. Mr. Lawson was appointed
to serve as one of the Township's three representatives on the Authority Board. On or about July
11, 2021, the Authority filed a lawsuit (the Authority Lawsuit) in the Washington County Court
of Common Pleas to remove Mr. Lawson from the Authority Board for "just cause" and
misconduct based upon allegations contained in a letter issued by the Authority Manager. An
independent attorney was appointed by the Authority's insurance carrier to represent Mr. Lawson
in the Authority Lawsuit.
The Township subsequently filed a complaint (the Township Lawsuit) against the
Authority in the Washington County Court of Common Pleas to contest the Authority's action to
amend its By -Laws in a manner that would prohibit the Township from appointing a Township
Supervisor or an immediate family member of a Township Supervisor to the Authority Board. The
Township also requested an Order directing the Authority to adhere to its Act 537 Plan and to enter
into a Sewage Service Agreement with the Township.
By Order dated December 27, 2021, Judge Michael Lucas (Judge Lucas) of the Washington
County Court of Common Pleas found that the Authority's amendment to its By -Laws as it
pertained to the Township Supervisors' appointment power was illegal. After the parties to the
Authority Lawsuit and the Township Lawsuit failed to comply with the requirements of an Order
which directed them to participate in a Mandatory Conciliation Conference that was scheduled to
resolve all issues raised by the litigation, Judge Lucas issued an Order dated February 24, 2022,
which directs the parties to attend both a hearing to be held for the purpose of determining whether
sanctions are appropriate for the parties' non-compliance and a settlement conference.
Mrs. Heather Daerr (Mrs. Daerr) is a Member and Chairperson of the Township Board of
Supervisors. Mrs. Daerr's husband, Kevin (Mr. Daerr), who had been appointed as a Member of
the Authority Board by the Township Board of Supervisors, resigned from the Authority Board in
April 2021, before any litigation had been initiated between the Authority and the Township. Mr.
Daerr effectively removed himself from all litigation by his resignation from the Authority Board.
Ms. Dupree is not a named party to the Authority Lawsuit or the Township Lawsuit.
However, prior to being elected as a Township Supervisor, Ms. Dupree executed a sworn affidavit
which was included by the Authority in its official legal filings. In her affidavit, Ms. Dupree refers
to alleged actions of Township representatives on the Authority Board, including Mr. Lawson and
Mr. Daerr. Ms. Dupree's affidavit could be adversarial to the Township's legal position in both
the Authority Lawsuit and the Township Lawsuit, and Ms. Dupree could be called as a witness for
the Authority in that litigation. You state that Ms. Dupree would not receive any type of pecuniary
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March 25, 2022
Page 3
or financial benefit with respect to any involvement with the Authority Lawsuit or the Township
Lawsuit.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether Mr. Lawson, Ms. Daerr, or Ms.
Dupree would have a conflict of interest with regard to participating in settlement negotiations,
deliberations, executive sessions, votes, or other actions of the Township Board of Supervisors
involving the Authority Lawsuit or the Township Lawsuit. However, it is not clear from your
submissions whether you have established standing to request an advisory as to the conduct of Mr.
Lawson or Ms. Daerr. Furthermore, based upon the submitted facts, it appears that Mr. Lawson
and Ms. Daerr have already had involvement as Township Supervisors with respect to the litigation
between the Authority and the Township, and an advice may not be issued where conduct related
to the subject matter of the advisory request has already occurred. Therefore, this advisory must
be limited to addressing only Ms. Dupree's prospective conduct.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all the material facts
relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the
extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all the material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
0) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
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three -member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization,
self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is prohibited from using
the authority of public office/employment or confidential information received by holding such a
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March 25, 2022
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public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of
authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying
for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows:
As a Township Supervisor, Ms. Dupree is a public official subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Act. As a public official, Ms. Dupree is restricted from using the authority of her public
office for the private pecuniary (financial) benefit of herself, a member of her immediate family,
or a business with which she or a member of her immediate family is associated.
Unless there would be a basis for a conflict of interest such as a private pecuniary benefit
for Ms. Dupree, a member of her immediate family, or a business with which she or a member of
her immediate family is associated, Ms. Dupree would not have a conflict of interest with regard
to participating in settlement negotiations, deliberations, executive sessions, votes, or other actions
of the Township Board of Supervisors involving the Authority Lawsuit or the Township Lawsuit.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act; the
applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than
the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an interpretation of the Ethics
Act. Specifically, this advisory does not address any applicability of the Second Class Township
Code.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
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March 25, 2022
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Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
rian D. Ja
Chief Coun