HomeMy WebLinkAbout03-501 ContiKathaleen Conti
1042 Moon Run Road
McKees Rocks, PA 15136
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Member; Municipal Authority of the Township
of Robinson; Participation in Authority Group Dental Health Insurance Plan At
Own Expense.
Dear Ms. Conti:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 9, 2003
03 -501
This responds to your letter of December 3, 2002, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Ha.G.S. § 1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a board member of
a municipal authority as to participating in the authority's group dental health insurance
plan at the board member's own expense.
Facts: You have served as an appointed board member of the Municipal
Authority of the Township of Robinson ('Authority ") since March 1988, and Vice -
Chairman of the Authority for at least the past seven years.
As a retired school teacher, you currently have medical coverage through the
teachers' group plan, but given your serious health problems, you would like to
purchase the Authority's group dental health insurance plan at the group rate for
Authority employees. You state that you do not want the Authority to pick up the cost of
your dental health coverage.
You ask whether under the Ethics Act, you may participate in the Authority's
group dental health insurance plan at your own expense.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
Conti 03 -501
January 9, 2003
Page 2
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As a Member of the Municipal Authority of the Township of Robinson
( "Authority "), you are a public official as that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and hence
you are subject to the provisions of that Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
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January 9, 2003
Page 3
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public official/
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the
disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, pursuant
to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
A pecuniary benefit which is authorized in law is not a "private" pecuniary benefit.
Conversely, a pecuniary benefit which is not authorized in law is a "private" pecuniary
benefit. Wagner, Order No. 1028 at 12. — Although the State Ethics Commission does
not have the statutory jurisdiction to interpret laws other than the Ethics Act, it may in
certain instances be necessary to review certain provisions of other laws to the extent
that those laws impact upon the Ethics Act.
The Municipality Authorities Act, 53 Pa.C.S. § 5601 et seq. provides in pertinent
part as follows:
§ 5607. Purposes and powers.
(c11 POWERS. - -EVERY AUTHORITY MAY EXERCISE ALL
POWERS NECESSARY OR CONVENIENT FOR THE CARRYING
OUT OF THE PURPOSES SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION,
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January 9, 2003
Page 4
INCLUDING, BUT WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF
THE FOREGOING, THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS AND POWERS:
(ii) To make contracts with an insurance company,
association or exchange or any hospital plan corporation or
professional health service corporation authorized to transact
business in this Commonwealth insuring or covering its employees
and their dependents but not its appointed officers and officials nor
their dependents for hospital and medical benefits and to contract
for its employees but not its appointed officers and officials with an
insurance company, association or exchange authorized to transact
business in this Commonwealth granting annuities or to establish,
maintain, operate and administer its own pension plan covering its
employees, but not its appointed officers and officials.
(iii) For the purposes set forth under this paragraph, to agree
to pay part or all of the cost of this insurance, including the
premiums or charges for carrying these contracts, and to
appropriate out of its treasury any money necessary to pay such
costs, premiums or charges. The proper officers of the authority
who are authorized to enter into such contracts are authorized,
enabled and permitted to deduct from the officers' or employees'
pay, salary or compensation that part of the premium or cost which
is payable by the officer or employee and as may be so authorized
by the officer or employee in writing.
53 Pa.C.S. § 5607(d)(20)(ii), (iii).
It would appear that the above quoted provisions on their face strictly prohibit a
board member from participating in an authority's health insurance coverage under any
circumstances whatsoever, that is, at authority expense or at the board member's own
expense. However, the State Ethics Commission's jurisdiction is limited to the Ethics
Act and only peripherally involves other laws to determine whether a particular
pecuniary benefit is not authorized, or "private." Therefore, until an appropriate judicial
forum interprets the relevant portions of the Municipality Authorities Act, it remains
unclear as to whether a board member may participate in an authority's health
insurance plan at the board member's own expense Until such time, the necessary
conclusion is that to the extent the Municipal Authorities Act would prohibit such
participation in the authority's health insurance plan by a board member at his own
expense, so too would the Ethics Act. At present, the State Ethics Commission is not
aware of any judicial precedent interpreting the above provisions.
It is noted that the Commission has considered the issue of participation by
public officials in municipal health insurance group plans at their own expense and has
determined that such participation does not present a conflict under the Ethics Act as
long as the public official does not use the authority of office in obtaining his own
coverage. See, Domalakes, Opinion 85 -010; Keiter, Opinion 90 -004; Dawson, Opinion
97 -003. However, such prior Commission rulings were based upon facts which involved
types of municipalities other than municipal authorities, which is at issue here. Further,
such other municipal codes contained no prohibition as to the receipt of health coverage
by the public official at municipal expense or at the public official's expense.
Therefore, in your case, if it is judicially determined that a board member may
participate at his /her own expense, and if you, as a board member, do not use the
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January 9, 2003
Page 5
authority of your office to provide for your own participation in the Authority's group
dental health insurance plan, as for example, where such action would be taken by the
Authority with your abstention, then you may participate at your own expense in that
plan.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a board member of the Municipal Authority of the Township of
Robinson ( "Authority "), you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Under
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you may or may not be allowed to participate at your
own expense in the Authority's group dental health insurance plan depending upon the
appropriate judicial forum determining whether such participation is permissible under
the Municipality Authorities Act. Until such judicial determination is made, the
necessary conclusion is that to the extent the Municipal Authorities Act would prohibit
participation by a board member in an authority's health insurance plan at his own
expense, so too would the Ethics Act. If it is judicially determined that a board member
may participate at his /her own expense, and if you, as a board member, do not use the
authority of your office to provide for your own participation in the Authority's group
dental health insurance plan, as for example, where such action would be taken by the
Authority with your abstention, then you may participate at your own expense in that
plan. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 -787 -0806. Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel