HomeMy WebLinkAbout03-500 DurkinJohn T. Durbin, Executive Director
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
P.O. Box 67676
Harrisburg, PA 17106 -7676
Dear Mr. Durbin:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 2, 2003
03 -500
Re: Former Public Official /Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Executive -Level State
Employee; Section 11030); Executive Director; Pennsylvania Turnpike
Commission.
This responds to your letter of November 26, 2002, by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
§ 1101 et seq., presents any restrictions upon employment of the Executive
Director of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission following termination of service with
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Facts: As Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission ( "PTC "),
you seek an advisory from the State Ethics Commission regarding the post - employment
restrictions of the Ethics Act. You have submitted a copy of your current job description,
which is incorporated herein by reference.
Per your job description, you are responsible for administering all activities at the
PTC. Your work involves planning, development, implementation and review of all
Finance and Administration, Engineering and Maintenance, Customer Service, and
Inventory Technology programs. You supervise a staff of professional and technical
employees, including the Associate Executive Director and the Deputy Executive
Directors. You represent the PTC to the public sector and the legislative branch.
Additionally, you recommend, review, develop, and implement policy for all PTC
employees; communicate with employees on behalf of the commissioners regarding
requests for projects; assign and review projects; coordinate PTC's goals and objectives
with other toll roads and the "IBTTA" regarding industry issues and developments; and
review all financial plans relating to PTC operations including operating budget and
capital expenditure programs.
You plan to retire from your current position within the first six months of 2003.
Immediately following your retirement, you intend to provide consulting services to
persons dealing with agencies /offices of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as well as
Durbin, 03 -500
January 2, 2003
Page 2
other states and commonwealths of the United States. You additionally intend to
engage in activities as a registered lobbyist before the United States Congress and
agencies, authorities, commissions, departments, and offices of the federal government.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you request guidance regarding the
restrictions of the Ethics Act that will apply to you following your retirement from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As the Executive Director of the PTC, you would be considered a public
official /public employee and an "executive -level State employee" subject to the Ethics
Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51
Pa.Code § 11.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a former
public official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to
the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 11030) of the Ethics Act.
Section 11030) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two
years from the time that he terminates employment with this
Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a business
or corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this
Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to expand an existent
plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the
above prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment
or inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money
or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
65 Pa.C.S. § 11030).
Section 11030) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination
of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 11030)
apply even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in
question is a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See,
Confidential Opinion No. 94 -011. However, Section 11030) would not restrict you from
being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a
representative capacity for a business or corporation provided and conditioned upon the
assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the business or
Durbin, 03 -500
January 2, 2003
Page 3
corporation to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in recruiting or
inducing the business or corporation to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in
Pennsylvania, through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of
money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the business or corporation.
Unlike Section 11030), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official /public employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does
restrict the former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a
"person" before "the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee-hiimself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89 -005.
Durbin, 03 -500
January 2, 2003
Page 4
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official) public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official /public employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control but
extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at
290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be deemed to have been
associated upon termination of public service would be the PTC its entirety. Therefore,
for the first year following termination of your service with the PTC, Section 1103(g) of
the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before the PTC.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1103(g) and 11030) only. It is expressly assumed that there has
been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c)
of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official/
employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to
provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Upon termination of service as the Executive Director of the
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission ( "PTC "), you would become a former public
official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the
Durbin, 03 -500
January 2, 2003
Page 5
restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 11030) of the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Under Section 11030) of the Ethics
Act, you would not be prohibited from being employed by, receiving compensation from,
assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for a business or corporation based
upon the assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the business or
corporation to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in recruiting or
inducing the business or corporation to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in
Pennsylvania through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money
from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With regard to Section 1103(g), the
restrictions as outlined above must be followed. The former governmental body would
be the PTC in its entirety. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at
the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the Commission
by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the
Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of the
appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel