HomeMy WebLinkAbout02-621 StarrDona L. SSarr
53 W. 33� Street
Reading, PA 19606
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 2, 2002
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Township Supervisor; Immediate Family;
Spouse; Business With Which Associated; Business Client /Customer; Vote.
Dear Ms. Starr:
02 -621
This responds to your letter of October 29, 2002, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Ha.GS. § 1101 et seq., would present any prohibition or restrictions upon a township
supervisor with regard to a request for relief from zoning regulations or a development
plan relating to a proposed addition to a local parish, when the supervisor's spouse: (1)
has previously performed work for the parish; (2) has a pending contract to perform
additional work for the parish; and (3) may have a reasonable and legitimate
anticipation of performing work for the parish as to the proposed addition.
Facts: As a Township Supervisor for Exeter Township ( "Township "), you seek an
advisory from the State Ethics Commission based upon the following submitted facts.
The Exeter Township Board of Supervisors ( "Board ") will be considering certain
matters related to a proposed addition to the parish of St. Catherine of Siena located in
the Township. The first matter for consideration will be a request for relief from zoning
regulations. If the request for relief is granted, the Board will further consider a
development plan for the proposed addition.
St. Catherine of Siena has two parishes: the parish located in the Township and
another parish located in the Borough of Mt. Penn.
Your husband has, at various times, contracted to perform work at both parish
locations. In April 2002 your husband, through "S & S Concrete," contracted to perform
sidewalk replacement work at the parish in Mt. Penn at a cost of $6,200. You state that
the contract was satisfied by both parties. Your husband also recently sealed the
concrete at the parish in Mt. Penn at a cost of $145. As for the parish located in the
Starr 02 -621
December 2, 2002
Page 2
Township, your husband recently contracted to seal the concrete at a cost of $600,
which work has not yet been done.
You state that if the request for relief from zoning regulations would be granted
and a new building would be constructed, your husband could "theoretically" be asked
to install the sidewalks or perform any other concrete flatwork. However, you maintain
that your husband has not been solicited for this work and does not anticipate being
solicited for this work.
Based upon the foregoing, you ask whether you would have a conflict of interest
as to voting on any issues pertaining to St. Catherine of Siena.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As a Supervisor for Exeter Township, you are a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
Starr 02 -621
December 2, 2002
Page 3
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company, stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated " Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial interest in a legal
entity engaged in business for profit which comprises more
than 5% of the equity of the business or more than 5% of the
assets of the economic interest in indebtedness.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
Starr 02 -621
December 2, 2002
Page 4
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public official/
employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the
disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, pursuant
to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from
using the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family is associated. Your husband is clearly a
member of your "immediate family" as that term is defined in the Ethics Act.
Additionally, S & S Concrete is a business with which your husband is associated to the
extent your husband is a director, officer, owner, or employee of the business or has a
financial interest in the business.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you would be prohibited from
using the authority of your office as a Township Supervisor, or confidential information
received by being a Township Supervisor, for the private pecuniary benefit of yourself,
your husband, a business with which your husband is associated, or private
client(s) /customer(s) of your husband or a business with which your husband is
associated. See, Miller, Opinion 89 -024; Kannebecker, Opinion 92 -010.
In Kannebecker, Opinion 92 -010, the State Ethics Commission determined that a
township supervisor, who in his private capacity was an attorney, would have a conflict
of interest as to matters before the township involving ongoing client(s) or client(s) for
whom he was on retainer, even if he would not represent such client(s) as to the matter
pending before the township. The Commission determined that as a general rule, a
conflict would not exist as to former client(s), but that under certain circumstances, a
conflict could exist as to former client(s) depending upon factors such as the number of
prior representations of the given client and the period of time over which such
occurred.
Additionally, the State Ethics Commission has determined that a reasonable and
legitimate expectation that a business relationship will form will support a finding of a
conflict of interest. Amato, Opinion No. 89 -002; Garner, Opinion No. 93 -004; Snyder,
Order No. 979 -2, affirmed Snyder v. SEC, 686 A.2d 843 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1996), alloc.
den., No. 0029 M.D. Allocatur Docket 1997 (Pa. December 22, 1997).
Per the submitted facts, your husband has a pending contract and therefore an
ongoing business relationship with St. Catherine of Siena. This fact would be sufficient
in and of itself to establish that in your capacity as a Township Supervisor, you would
have a conflict of interest as to the request for relief from zoning regulations and /or
development plan for the proposed addition to the parish of St. Catherine of Siena.
Kannebecker, supra. The additional facts that your husband: (1) recently performed
other contractual services for St. Catherine of Siena; and (2) could perform services as
to the proposed addition, would provide further support for this conclusion. See,
Kannebecker, supra; Amato, supra.
Starr 02 -621
December 2, 2002
Page 5
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain fully
and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Second Class Township Code.
Conclusion: As a Supervisor for Exeter Township, you are a public official
subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Your husband is a member of your "immediate family" as that
term is defined in the Ethics Act. "S & S Concrete" is a business with which your
husband is associated to the extent your husband is a director, officer, owner, or
employee of the business or has a financial interest in the business. Given that your
husband has a pending contract and therefore an ongoing business relationship with St.
Catherine of Siena, you would have a conflict of interest in your capacity as a Township
Supervisor as to the request for relief from zoning regulations and /or development plan
for the proposed addition to the parish of St. Catherine of Siena. The additional facts
that your husband: (1) recently performed other contractual services for St. Catherine
of Siena; and (2) could perform services as to the proposed addition, would provide
further support for this conclusion. In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would
be required to abstain fully and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j)
of the Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 -787 -0806. Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel