HomeMy WebLinkAbout21-564 Cohen
PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 15, 2021
To the Requester:
Mr. Roger J. Cohen
21-564
Dear Mr. Cohen:
This responds to your correspondence received November 19, 2021, by which you
requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking
guidance as to the general issue presented below:
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would impose any restrictions upon you with regard to post-public employment
following your service as the Senior Policy Advisor/Special Advisor Secretary of
Transportation, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation ()?
Brief Answer: YES. Although Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you
from accepting employment following your public service, during the first year following
termination of your employment with PennDOT, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would
apply and restrict you from engaging in any activity that would involve
before PennDOT.
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission regarding the post-employment restrictions
of the Ethics Act. You have submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows:
After almost seven years at PennDOT, you will be retiring from the Commonwealth
effective December 31, 2021. Your official title/position description is Senior Policy
Advisor/Special Advisor Secretary of Transportation. Following retirement, you may wish to take
on part-time work in the private sector within the field of transportation policy and public affairs
and have received preliminary inquiries from such firms regarding your interest.
Cohen, 21-564
December 15, 2021
Page 2
You plan to work on a part-time (no more than 2.5 days per week) basis providing
executive-level consulting counsel services in public affairs, including policy analysis, issue
management and strategic communications. You anticipate that you will work on a both a pro-
bono and paying basis, and that your probable clients may include local government agencies both
within and outside the Commonwealth, public authorities, academic research institutions,
foundations, trade associations, community-based and non-profit organizations, issue-advocacy
groups and private businesses. You expect to work for such clients, both directly and through
contracting arrangements with other consultants who advise them.
Your official Commonwealth Employment Position Description identifies, in pertinent
part, the following:
Position Purpose:
Provides advisory and consultative professional work for the Secretary of
Transportation on a variety of highly complex and sensitive operational and
programmatic matters.
Description of Duties:
participate in freight planning
initiatives within the Department to respond to emerging trends including
requests for proposals for potential P3 opportunities and freight summit
planning.
Participate in the Georgetown Climate Center activities with other
Northeastern states, including DEP, on decarbonization recommendations
including electric vehicle infrastructure.
including annual summit planning, testing guidelines implementation,
policy task force, pilot projects, legislation review and public advocacy.
Support Policy Office initiatives including internship and fellowship
opportunities.
Support the Secretary and work with our Communications team on the
Strategic Directives messaging, preparing
presentations, speeches, and talking points for the Secretary.
Implement the Speaker Series initiative for Thought Leadership by
continuing to bring industry leaders to Harrisburg for the staff to hear.
Work with the Depar
alternatives such as mileage based user fees.
Cohen, 21-564
December 15, 2021
Page 3
Oversees programs, projects, services, and initiatives of the Secretary's
Office, and provides high level staff assistance on a wide range of activities
encompassi
coordination with Departmental program managers, on behalf of the
Secretary, to identify issues; develop goals and objectives; and to develop
strategic planning efforts.
Interacts with high level administrative officials and decision makers to
objectives are achieved.
Serves as a primary contact person for the Secretary's executive staff on
complex and sensitive issues which may often ultimately require the
Secretary's knowledge or decision-making. Identifies problems and
solutions, researches and recommends action(s) to the Secretary.
Monitors the status of projects and major issues. Provides direction to
executive staff for follow-up and to ensure appropriate and timely action
occurs.
Recommends and develops a variety of correspondences, reports, and
presentations for the Secretary in response to inquiries, to communicate
Departmental key initiatives and strategic plans. Develops
recommendations concerning programs, projects, and other operational
matters for the Secretary's consideration.
Represents the Department in various statewide organizations, interest
groups, councils, and committees. Represents the Secretary at meetings, as
requested, to present Departmental initiatives/position on a variety of
Manages select special projects for the Secretary, including working with
Deputy Secretaries and other executive team members on the activities of
assigned management work groups.
Performs other duties as required.
You state that you are familiar with §1103(g) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Act, and understand it provisions; but that you have also been counseled that it would be beneficial
to receive an advisory from the Commission clarifying those activities from which you will be
prohibited during the year following your termination of Commonwealth employment, along with
any other terms that the Commission generally sets out.
Cohen, 21-564
December 15, 2021
Page 4
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all the material facts.
As Senior Policy Advisor/Special Advisor Secretary of Transportation, you are
-
-are subject to the
Ethics Act and the Regulations of the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. §
1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1; Schoch, Advice 15-537. Upon termination of Commonwealth
employment, you will become a former public employee as well as a former executive-level
State employee subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Ethics
Act.
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive-level State employees as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(i) Former executive-level employee.
No former executive-level State employee may for a period of two years from the
time that he terminates employment with this Commonwealth be employed by,
receive compensation from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a business
or corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to open a new plant, facility or branch in
this Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to expand an
existent plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the above
prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment or inducement is
accomplished by a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money
from the Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or induced to
expand.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(i).
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive-level State employee to accept
employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination of State service,
under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 1103(i) apply even where the business
relationship is indirect, such as where the business in question is a client of a new employer, rather
than the new employer itself. See, Confidential Opinion, 94-011. However, Section 1103(i) would
not restrict you from being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a
representative capacity for a business subject to the conditions that you did not actively participate
in recruiting such business to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in inducing
Cohen, 21-564
December 15, 2021
Page 5
such business to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania, through a grant or
loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official/public
employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does restrict the former public
with whi
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee.--No former public official or public employee shall
represent a person, with promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for one year after he leaves that
body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
specifically defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
not limited to, the following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting
bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former public official
or public employee.
firm, partnership, committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
which the public official or employee is or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses, including a nonprofit business/entity. See, Rendell v. State Ethics Commission, 603
includes nonprofit entities.) It also includes the former public official/public employee himself,
Confidential Opinion, 93-005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3) submission of bid or contract
Cohen, 21-564
December 15, 2021
Page 6
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89-005.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of documents
presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public employee
may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The former
public official/public employee may also counsel any person reg
before his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not
be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude
making general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information
which is available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before his former governmental body for compensation. The former public
official/public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities.
where the public official/public employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body.
See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006;
Sharp, Opinion 90-009-R.
Applying the foregoing to the specific facts presented, the governmental body with which
you will be deemed to have been associated upon separation from the Commonwealth is the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year
following separation, S
Department of Transportation.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered.
Conclusion:
-
-
Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act. Your former governmental body would be
PennDOT in its entirety.
For the first year following termination of your employment with PennDOT, Section
1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict you from engaging in any activity that would
involve including but not limited to a new employer/client
Cohen, 21-564
December 15, 2021
Page 7
before PennDOT while doing so for compensation. The restrictions as to representation outlined
above must be followed.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
If you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you may
appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Respectfully,
Brian D. Jacisin
Chief Counsel