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OPINION 011F THE COMMISSION
.1L I
Before: Nicholas A. Colafella, Chair
Mark R. Corrigan, Vice Chair
Roger Nick
Melanie DePalma
Michael A. Schwartz
Shelley Y. Simms
DATE DECIDED: 9/14/21
DATE MAILED: 9/21/21
To the Requester:
This Opinion is issued in response to the appeal of Confidential Advice, 21-532, which
was issued on June 24, 2 02 1.
I. Issues:
Would acceptance of employment with a consulting firm (FIRM) following termination of
employment from [STATE AGENCY 1] constitute a "conflict of interests" violation of
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a)?
2. Would acceptance of an offer of employment from a [FIRM] which you recommended be
awarded a [STATE AGENCY 1] contract, who at the same time was recruiting you for
hire, result in "accepting improper influence" in violation of Section I I 03(c) of the Ethics
Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(c)?
3. Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon you with regard to performing work
for [FIRM], that does business with the Commonwealth, following ten-nination of your
employment as a [POSITION] for [STATE AGENCY 1]?
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 2
11. Facts:
By letter dated [REDACTED], you requested an Advice of Counsel seeking a confidential
advisory concerning three specific sections of the Ethics Act: Conflict of Interests; Accepting
Improper Influence; and Former Official or Employee. Your letter was processed for issuance as
an Advice of Counsel and on June 24, 2021, Confidential, Advice, 21-532 was issued to you.
Confidential Advice, 21-532 summarized the submitted facts as follows:
On [DATE], you retired from your employment with
[STATE AGENCY 1] as a [POSITION], in which capacity you
served as a [REDACTED] in the [UNIT]. You have submitted a
copy of the job classification specifications for the position of
[POSITION] {job code [REDACTED]), which is incorporated
herein by reference. Immediately prior to the commencement of
your employment with [STATE AGENCY 1 ] in [MONTH, YEAR],
you were employed with [STATE AGENCY 2] as a [REDACTED].
A [TYPE OF FIRM] named [REDACTED] (the Firm) has a
five-year contract with [STATE AGENCY 1] (the [STATE
AGENCY 1] Contract) as a [TYPE OF CONSULTANT]. The
[STATE AGENCY I] Contract was executed in [MONTH, YEAR],
before you began employment with [STATE AGENCY 1]. The
Firth is a [TYPE OF CONSULTANT] for two [STATE AGENCY
2] contracts (the [STATE AGENCY 2] Contracts). While you were
employed with [STATE AGENCY 2], you participated in the
process that selected the [TYPE OF CONSULTANT] for the
[STATE AGENCY 2] Contracts.
Between [MONTH, YEAR] and [MONTH, YEAR], you
received telephone calls from the Firm [OFFICER 1 ] and the Firm
[OFFICER 2], each of whom inquired as to whether you would have
any interest in working for the Firm. You explained to each of them
that you were not interested in separating from your Commonwealth
employment at the time. As detailed in pages 3-5 of your advisory
request letter, between [MONTH, YEAR] and [MONTH, YEAR],
you performed job duties in your position with [STATE AGENCY
1 ] that involved interacting with the Firm [OFFICER 2] and the
Firm [OFFICER 1] with regard to matters pertaining to the [STATE
AGENCY 1 ] Contract and the possibility of the Firm working on a
[PROJECT].
In [MONTH, YEAR], you received a second telephone call
from the Firm [OFFICER 2], who again inquired as to whether you
would have any interest in working for the Firm. You explained to
him that you were still not interested in separating from your
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 3
Commonwealth employment, but you would be eligible to retire
without a penalty in your retirement benefits by mid -[YEAR].
As detailed in pages 5-8 of your advisory request letter,
between [MONTH, YEAR] and [DATE], you performed job duties
in your position with [STATE AGENCY 1] that involved
interacting with the Firm [OFFICER 1], Firm employees, and
[STATE AGENCY 1] employees with regard to assigning the work
for the [PROJECT] to the Firm. On [DATE], during a telephone
conversation with the Firm [OFFICER 11 on matters pertaining to
the [PROJECT], you informed him that you would be retiring on
[DATE]. Between [DATE] and [DATE], you had conversations
with the Firm [OFFICER 2] about a position with the Firm, and on
[DATE], you received a written offer of employment from the Firm
[OFFICER 2].
Confidential Advice, 21-532 at 2-3
On [REDACTED], you appealed Confidential Advice, 21-532, specifically stating the
following:
First, this request for appeal provides a general background of the
work order process and interaction between [STATE AGENCY I]'s
[UNIT] and the consultants which have executed open-end []
agreements. I will also provide background of interaction between
the [UNIT] and personnel from the [UNIT]'s [sic] (Clients).
Second, I will correct/clarify the summary from the Advice of
Counsel found in the Facts Section on page 2 of 9.
Third, I am uncertain that the situation of my participation on [TYPE
OF CONSULTANT] as described in my request for advisory
opinion was specifically addressed in the Advice of Counsel.
Fourth, this request for appeal also expands and clarifies the
extensive submitted facts from my original request for advisory
opinion submitted to the Ethics Commission on [REDACTED] via
email. Because the facts were identified with numerically bulleted
paragraphs, I will reference the paragraph bullet number and date
from the initial request letter that I submitted to the Ethics
Commission.
Last, [t]his request for appeal provides additional facts to address
the following parenthetical statement found on page 7 of 9 in the
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 4
Discussion Section and on page 8 of 9 in the Conclusion Section
from the Advice of Counsel.
(It is noted that the submitted facts do not clearly indicate at what
point in time you would have had an actual or reasonable
expectation that you would enter into an employment arrangement
with the Firm.)
Letter of Appeal ([REDACTED]) at 1. (Emphasis in original.)
Additionally, you provided as follows:
As detailed in my [REDACTED] request for an advisory
opinion and expanded/clarified in this appeal letter. I did not have a
reasonable or actual expectation of employment with [FIRM] until
[REDACTED DATE] at which time I had already, in effect, recused
myself, albeit unintentionally, from receiving and reviewing
[FIRM]'s technical and price proposals. Therefore, because I did not
review the proposals [sic] I also did not recommend the execution
of the work order which I suspect did not occur prior to my
retirement date. Furthermore, I did not have delegated signature
authority for the approval and execution of work orders at [STATE
AGENCY 1]. 1 had previously been granted delegated signature
authority for work orders at [STATE AGENCY 2] but not at
[STATE AGENCY 1]. Furthermore, I did not have the authority to
make unilateral decisions regarding project scope or have budgetary
authority to fund projects. This was done in collaboration between
the [UNIT] and the Clients (i.e., [UNIT]) because the Clients
provided the funding for the projects..[sic]
Letter of Appeal ([REDACTED]) at 4.
In addition to the foregoing, all original facts submitted within your [DATE REDACTED]
and [DATE REDACTED] correspondence and any accompanying documentation, are
incorporated herein by reference.
III. Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa. C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), an Opinion is issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the Opinion based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An Opinion
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 5
It is further initially noted that, pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the Ethics Act,
an Opinion may only be given as to prospective (future) conduct. To the extent that your inquiry
relates to conduct that has already occurred, such past conduct may not be addressed in the context
of an Opinion. However, to the extent your inquiry relates to future conduct, your inquiry may
and shall be addressed, albeit not necessarily in the same order in which it was raised.
Former Official or Employee
65 Pa. C.S. §1103(g)
In your capacity as a [POSITION] for [STATE AGENCY 1 ], you were a "public
employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See,
Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1; [LEGAL CITE]. This conclusion is based upon the submitted
facts and the job classification specifications, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicate
clearly that the power exists to take or recommend official action of a non -ministerial nature with
respect to one or more of the following: contracting; procurement; administering or monitoring
grants or subsidies; planning or zoning; inspecting; licensing; regulating; auditing; or other
activity(ics) where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of another
person.
Consequently, upon termination of your employment with [STATE AGENCY 1], you
became a "former public employee" subject to Section I I03(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official/public employee from
accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official/public employee
with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental body with which he has been
associated":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. --No former public
official or public employee shall represent a eprso_n, with promised
or actual compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he leaves that
body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in any
activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following: personal
appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or contract
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 6
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club
or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The governmental
body within State government or a political subdivision by which
the public official or employee is or has been employed or to which
the public official or employee is or has been appointed or elected
and subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses. It also includes the former public official/public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93-005, as well as anew governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
The term "represent" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person in
aM activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3) submission of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89-005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body, constitutes an
attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also generally prohibits the
inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that
existed prior to termination of service with such governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012.
However, if such a pre-existing contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee
worked, the name of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by
the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion
95-011.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public employee
may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The former
public official/public employee may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not
be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude
making general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 7
which is available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before his/her former governmental body. The former public official/public
employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities. However, the
"governmental body with which a public official/public employee is or has been associated" is not
limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental body where the public
official/public employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative
Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; SiroW, Opinion 90-006; Sharp, Opinion 90-
009-R.
The governmental body with which you are deemed to have been associated upon
termination of your employment with [STATE AGENCY 1 ] is [STATE AGENCY 1 ] in its
entirety, including but not limited to the [BUREAU]. Therefore, for the first year following
termination of your employment with [STATE AGENCY 1], Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would apply and restrict "representation" of a "person" before [STATE AGENCY 11, including
but not limited to [FIRM]. Any restrictions pursuant 1103 (g) would not be applicable to [STATE
AGENCY 2], as you have not been associated with [STATE AGENCY 2] since [DATE
REDACTED].
Conflict of Interests
65 Pa. C.S. §1103(a)
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from engaging in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. --No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(a).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 8
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is prohibited from using
the authority of public office/employment or confidential information received by holding such a
public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to
any use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and
lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
You have requested an Opinion seeking confirmation that "accepting a position with a
consulting firm would not result in a conflict of interest in the case where [your] Commonwealth
work responsibilities required [you] to participate on [TYPE OF CONSULTANT] committees that
reviewed, scored, ranked, and selected consulting firms for active contracts that have not yet
expired" and a "determination whether [you are] precluded from working for the consulting firm
or only precluded from working on those contracts where [you] participated in the selection of the
consulting firm, or not precluded from either provided that [you are] NOT considered a former
employee from the governmental body with which [you] have been associated for one year after
[you] leave that body. Letter of Request ([REDACTED]) at 2. (Emphasis in original.)
Acceptance of employment from [FIRM] ([FIRM/the Firm) following your use of office
by serving on a selection committee resulting in the Firm contracting with [STATE AGENCY 21
would not appear to constitute a conflict of interest; HOWEVER, your use of office as a
[POSITION] for [STATE AGENCY 1] by specifically recommending and advocating for the use
of [FIRM] ([FIRM]/the Firm) for a [STATE AGENCY 1] project, while being recruited for
employment with [FIRM]/the Firm, is concerning.
You have provided, in pertinent part, the following facts:
Confidential O union, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 9
Although I did not participate in the selection committee for [CONTRACT]1'1, I was
directly involved in assigning a work order and had interaction with the [FIRM] during the
process.
Between February and mid -March [REDACTED] (approximate dates): I received a phone
call from the [[OFFICER 11 of [FIRM] inquiring whether I would have any interest in
working for [FIRM]. I explained that I was not interested in separating from
Commonwealth employment at that time.
Between mid -March and April [REDACTED] (approximate dates): I received a phone call
from the [[OFFICER 2] of [FIRM] inquiring whether I would have any interest in working
for [FIRM]. I explained again that I was not interested in separating from Commonwealth
employment at that time.
September/October [REDACTED] (approximate dates): I questioned the [UNIT 1 ]
[CHIEF] why he was not assigning work orders to [FIRM] using [CONTRACT] when an
executed active agreement existed.
October/November [REDACTED] (approximate dates): I discussed with the [FIRM]
[[OFFICER 1] by phone regarding their ability to work on the [PROJECT]; I determined
the scope of work for existing [CONTRACT] met the needs for the scope of the project;
the [FIRM] [[OFFICER 11 indicated they were capable and available to work on the project
and understood the project's importance and visibility to [STATE AGENCY 1].
November [REDACTED] (approximate date): I received another phone call from the
[[OFFICER 2] of [FIRM] inquiring whether I would have any interest in working for
[FIRM]. I explained that I was still not interested in separating from Commonwealth
employment at that time because I needed to wait until such time when I could retire
without a penalty in retiree benefits; however, this time I did indicate that I would be
eligible to retire by mid [REDACTED].
April [REDACTED] : I asked the [UNIT I] [CHIEF] to confirm with the [UNIT 2] that a
work order was still able to be executed as the engineering agreement [CONTRACT]was
due to expire in November [REDACTED].
April [REDACTED]: The [CHIEF] for [UNIT 1] forwarded an email to me from the
division chief for [UNIT 2] stating that another available firm should be used for the project
because he did not think the design work could be completed before the expiration date.
'The existing five-year contract between [STATE AGENCY I ] and [FIRM]/the Firm. The contract ([CONTRACT])
was advertised in February [REDACTED] and the contract was executed in November [REDACTED]. You were not
an employee of [STATE AGENCY 1] in [REDACTED] and did not participate on the selection committee for the
[STATE AGENCY 1] agreement. You did participate on [TYPE OF CONSULTANT] for at least two existing
contracts while employed at [STATE AGENCY 2] for which [FIRM] is a sub -consultant.
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 10
April [REDACTED]: I sent an email to the [FIRM] [[OFFICER 11 making him aware of
the other [CHIEF]'s response regarding the work order; I also told him that I would follow-
up with the other [CHIEF].
April [REDACTED]: After several unsuccessful attempts to reach the other division chief
by phone. I sent an email explaining my reasoning for assigning the work to [FIRM].
April [REDACTED]:
a. I received a reply from the [CHIEF] for [UNIT 2] indicating time extensions should
be avoided but could be done for this agreement providing the consultant provided
an assurance that the project would be substantially complete (i.e., 90%) by the
original agreement expiration date.
b. I replied to the message from the [EMPLOYMENT RECRUITER] [employment
recruiter] and we scheduled a phone call for [REDACTED] on [] April
[REDACED] to discuss the position in his April [REDATED] message. He asked
that I forward a copy of my resume so he would have a chance to review it before
our phone call; I sent it by email on April [REDACTED].
I had a telephone conversation with the [FIRM] [[OFFICER I] and shared with him
the information from the [CHIEF] [UNIT 21; he believed the work could be brought
to a point of substantial completion (i.e., 90%) before the contract expiration date.
d. I also shared with the [FIRM] [[OFFICER 1 ] that I had signed my retirement papers
four weeks earlier and my retirement date was May [REDACTED]. I had already
shared this same information with at least two other consultants as I was
transitioning projects to the respective section chiefs that reported to me; this
occurred as my last day approached.
Letter of Request ([REDACTED]) at 2-8.
The Commission rejects your contention that you did not possess a reasonable or actual
expectation of employment with [FIRM] until May [REDACTED], as asserted in your Letter of
Appeal ([REDACTED]) at page 4. At the time you recommend the use of [FIRM]/the Firm in
September/October [REDACTED], you possessed knowledge that you were being pursued as a
candidate for employment by [FIRM]/the Firm, having no less than two separate conversations
with the [OFFICER 2] and [OFFICER 1] of [FIRM] specifically discussing employment. Within
a four day span, you: recommended and advocated to utilize [FIRM]/the Firm for the
[PRO.IECT]/[STATE AGENCY 1] project even after the [CHIEF] for [UNIT 21 sought to use a
firm other than [FIRM]/the Firm; communicated the [UNIT 2] [CHIEF]Is concerns to [FIRM]/the
Firm; and notified [FIRM]/the Firm's [[OFFICER 1] of your Commonwealth Retirement.
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 11
In Neff, Order 1484, the Commission held:
In considering the Consent Agreement, we accept the parties'
recommendation that no violation of Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act
occurred under the Stipulated Fact Findings. Between October 2004 and
August 2005, Neff, in her public position as CIO /Acting CEO of Wireless
Philadelphia, negotiated five no bid contracts with Civitium on behalf of the
City /Wireless Philadelphia. Neff did not begin having discussions with
Richardson about her possible employment with Civitium until May 2006,
approximately ten months after she last participated in awarding a no bid
contract to Civitium, and such discussions were not initiated by Neff. There
is no basis in the Stipulated Fact Findings for concluding that Neff
participated in approving no bid contracts and approving payments to
Civitium at a time when she was seeking employment with Civitium, or had
any reasonable expectation of seeking employment with Civitium. See,
Amato, Opinion 89 -002.
Neff, Order 1484 at 22. (Emphasis added.)
Your recommendation to utilize [FIRM]/the Firm while at the same time you were engaged
in discussions of possible employment with [FIRM]/the Firm may serve as the basis for an
allegation of a conflict of interests. The Opinion of the Commission set forth herein does not
constitute a final adjudication nor is it an Order of the Commission, but rather is an Opinion as to
prospective (future) conduct based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. See 65 Pa.C.S.
§§ 1107(10), (11), (13). Any finding of a conflict of interests in violation of the Ethics Act must
be supported by sufficient clear and convincing evidence.
Accepting Improper Influence
65 Pa. C.S. §1103(c)
Pursuant to Section 1103(c) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from seeking or accepting any improper influence:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(c) Accepting improper influence. --No public official, public
employee or nominee or candidate for public office shall solicit or
accept anything of monetary value, including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward or promise of future employment, based on any
understanding of that public official, public employee or nominee
that the vote, official action or judgment of the public official or
public employee or nominee or candidate for public office would be
influenced thereby.
65 Pa.C.S.§I103(c).
Confidential Opinion, 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 12
Section 1103(c) of the Ethics Act (65 Pa.C.S. §§I 103(c)) provides in part that no public
official/public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official/public employee
would be influenced thereby.
As to seeking improper influence/accepting improper influence, the submitted facts do not
indicate a clear "understanding" between yourself and any representative(s) of [FIRM]/the Firm
regarding your recommendation/influence regarding the awarding the [PROJECT]/[STATE
AGENCY 1] contract to [FIRM] and any offer of employment. There is concern as to the timing
of certain events, however, the mere appearance of impropriety will not suffice to establish a
conflict of interest under the most recent version of the Ethics Act (Act 9 of 1989, P.L. 26, 65 P.S.
§ 401 et seq., as codified by Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. See Toft, 06-
530.
The Ethics Act declares that "public office is a public trust and that any effort to realize
personal financial gain through public office other than compensation provided by law is a
violation of that trust." 65 Pa.C.S. §1101.1 Furthermore, by enacting the Ethics Act, the General
Assembly declared "[i]n order to strengthen the faith and confidence of the people of this
Commonwealth in their government, the Legislature further declares that the people have a right
to be assured that the financial interests of holders of [...] public office do not conflict with the
public trust." Id.
Regardless of the timings of events, an answer as to whether undue influence has been
sought or accepted cannot be provided through this Opinion, as the Commission cannot and will
not speculate as to your understanding of the donor's intent. Nonetheless, at times, the perception
of impropriety may be as damaging as actual impropriety itself.
IV. Conclusion:
In your capacity as a [POSITION] for [STATE AGENCY 1], you were a "public
employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. Upon
termination of your employment with [STATE AGENCY 1], you became a "former public
employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The former governmental body is
[STATE AGENCY 11 in its entirety, including but not limited to the [BUREAU]. For the first
year following termination of your employment with [STATE AGENCY 1], Section 1103(g) of
the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of a "person" before [STATE AGENCY
1]. The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from accepting employment with
the Firm or another consulting firm. However, during the first year following termination of your
employment with [STATE AGENCY 1], Section 1103(g) would prohibit you from engaging in
any activities that would involve prohibited representation before [STATE AGENCY 1]. Section
1103(g) would not prohibit you from representing the Firm or another consulting firm before
[STATE AGENCY 2] with regard to existing or proposed agreements with [STATE AGENCY
2].
Confidential Opinion 21-002
September 14, 2021
Page 13
With regard to conflict of interest, the Commission is of the opinion that the facts, as
submitted, may serve as a basis for an allegation of a violation of Section 1103(a), 65
Pa.C.S.§1103(a) conflict of interests. An answer as to whether undue influence has been sought
or accepted cannot be provided through this Opinion, as the Commission cannot and will not
speculate as to your understanding of the donor's intent.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(10) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1107(10), the person who acts
in good faith on this Opinion issued to him shall not be subject to criminal or civil penalties for so
acting provided the material facts are as stated in the request.
This letter will be made available as a public record.
By the Commission,
icholas A. Co fella
Chair