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PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
September 20, 2021
To the Requester:
21-549
This responds to your letter received \[REDACTED\], by which you requested a confidential
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking guidance as to
the issue presented below:
Issue:
1. Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would impose restrictions upon you following termination of your employment as the
\[POSITION\], \[BUREAU/DEPARTMENT\]?
Brief Answer: YES. During the first year following termination of your Commonwealth
employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict you from engaging
including but not
limited to yourself or a new employerbefore your
would constitute the \[DEPARTMENT\] in its entirety, including the \[BUREAU\].
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows:
You are currently employed as the \[POSITION\], \[BUREAU/DEPARTMENT\]. You are
contemplating leaving Commonwealth service to join the private sector. The company that you
are interested in pursuing professional opportunities with has requested that you receive a formal
advisory opinion from the Ethics Commission. You have stated that your governmental entity is
the \[BUREAU/DEPARTMENT\]. The company that you are pursuing a professional opportunity
with is a vendor with several other state agencies; however, they are not currently a vendor with
the \[BUREAU/DEPARTMENT\]. You seek guidance as to any responsibilities imposed upon you
pursuant the Ethics Act following termination of public employment.
Confidential, 21-549
September 20, 2021
Page 2
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As the \[POSITION\], \[BUREAU/DEPARTMENT\], you are
to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51
Pa. Code § 11.1. This conclusion is based upon the authority inherent as a \[POSITION\] to take or
recommend official action of a non-ministerial nature with respect to one or more of the following:
contracting; procurement; administering or monitoring grants or subsidies; planning or zoning;
inspecting; licensing; regulating; auditing; or other activity(ies) where the economic impact is
greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of your Commonwealth employment, you would become
a former public employee subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official/public employee from
accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official/public employee
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee.--No former public official or
public employee shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body with which he
has been associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Represent. To act on behalf of any other person in any
activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following: personal
appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
Confidential, 21-549
September 20, 2021
Page 3
Person. A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club
or other organization or group of persons.
Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated. The governmental
body within State government or a political subdivision by which
the public official or employee is or has been employed or to which
the public official or employee is or has been appointed or elected
and subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term person is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses. It also includes the former public official/public employee herself/himself,
Confidential Opinion, 93-005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
The term represent is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person in
any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3) submission of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89-005.
During the one-year period of applicability, Section 1103(g) generally would prohibit a
former public official/public employee from contracting with the former governmental body (see,
Shaub, Order 1242; Confidential Opinion, 97-008; Confidential Opinion, 93-005) or providing
consulting services constituting representation before the former governmental body (see,
Claycomb, Opinion 14-004; Schrempf, Opinion 13-004).
Listing ones name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body, constitutes an
attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also generally prohibits the
inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee on invoices submitted by her/his
new employer to the former governmental body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that
existed prior to termination of service with such governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012.
However, if such a pre-existing contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee
worked, the name of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by
the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion
95-011.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to her/his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public
employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The
former public official/public employee may also counsel any person regarding that persons
appearance before her/his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this
Confidential, 21-549
September 20, 2021
Page 4
respect should not be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not
prohibit or preclude making general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to
secure information which is available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort
to indirectly influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before her/his former governmental body. The former public official/public
employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities. However, the
limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental body where the public
official/public employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative
Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006; Sharp, Opinion 90-
009-R.
The governmental body with which you would be deemed to have been associated upon
termination of your Commonwealth employment, hereinafter collectively referred to as your
is the \[DEPARTMENT\] in its entirety, including but not limited to
the \[BUREAU\]. See, \[CITATION REDACTED\]. Therefore, for the first year following
termination of your Commonwealth employment, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply
including but not limited to yourself as a contractor
or a new employerbefore your former governmental body.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered.
Conclusion:
As the \[POSITION\], \[BUREAU/DEPARTMENT\], you are a public employee subject
to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. Upon termination of your
Commonwealth employment, you would become a former public employee subject to Section
1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
Your former governmental body is the \[DEPARTMENT\] in its entirety, including but not
limited to the \[BUREAU\]. For the first year following termination of your Commonwealth
employment,
including but not limited to yourself as a contractor or a new employerbefore your
former governmental body. The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Confidential, 21-549
September 20, 2021
Page 5
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Brian D. Jacisin
Chief Counsel