HomeMy WebLinkAbout80-050 SowersLloyd P. Sowers
Grantham Road
RD #3
Dillsburg, PA 17019
III. Applicable Law:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
October 14, 1980
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
RE: Township Supervisor - Developer
Dear Mr. Sowers:
I. Issue:
You requested an opinion on the following:
A. May a township supervisor who owns construction
equipment do grading for a developer in the
township where that developer has submitted
subdivision plans to the township and has posted
a bond with the township to guarantee completion
of the work associated with the subdivision?
80 -050
B. May a township supervisor dig probe holes for
township residents?
II. Factual Basis for the Determination:
You indicate you are a township supervisor who owns
construction equipment. From time to time you may be asked
to do grading for a developer whose plans have been approved
by the township supervisors. You may also be asked to dig
probe holes for township residents.
There is no dispute or doubt that as a township supervisor
you are a "public official" which is defined in the Ethics Act
as follows:
Lloyd P. Sowers
October 14, 1980
Page 2
"Public official - Any elected or appointed
official in the Executive, Legislative or
Judicial Branch of the State or any political
subdivision thereof, provided that it shall
not include members of advisory boards that
have no authority to expend public funds
other than reimbursement for personal expense,
or to otherwise exercise the power of the
State or any political subdivision thereof.
'public official' shall not include any
appointed official who receives no compen-
sation other than reimbursement for actual
expenses." 65 P.S. 401.
Section 3 of the Ethics Act, in pertinent part provides
as follows:
"Section 3. Restricted activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall use his public office or any
confidential information received
through his holding public office to
obtain financial gain other than
compensation provided by law for
himself, a member of his immdediate
family, or a business with which he
is associated.
(b) No person shall offer or give to a
public official or public employee
or candidate for public office or a
member of his immediate family or
a business with which he is associated,
and no public official or public
employee or candidate for public
office shall solicit or accept, any-
thing of value, including a gift,
loan, political contribution, reward,
or promise of future employment based
on any understanding that the vote,
official action, or judgment of the
public official or public employee or
candidate for public office would be
influenced thereby." 65 P.S. 403(a) & (b).
Lloyd P. Sowers
October 14, 1980
Page 3
III. Discussion:
The Commission believes that Section 3 as cited above is
clear. You may not use your office as a township supervisor
to obtain work such as the grading work you describe. Equally
clear is the conclusion that the developer in question may not
attempt to influence your vote as supervisor, on his project by
holding out the "promise of future employment." While subsection
(b) addresses the prohibitions against the developer in this case,
the Commission feels compelled to address "other areas of conflict"
pursuant to Section 3(d) which might be perceived in the relation-
ship between a developer and you as township supervisor.
These other possible areas exist where the appearance of a
conflict may arise are described more fully below. The question
of whether you as supervisor should vote on the approval /disap-
proval of a developer's plans arises, for example, and whether a
supervisor- developer contract may be allowed. This question
should be addressed. The answer to the question depends on the
factual circumstances and actual and temporal relationship
between the individual supervisor and developer.
First, if the supervisor knows at the time of his vote that
he has been or can legitimately expect to be asked to do work
for - the developer or that he will offer his services to the
developer, the supervisor should refrain from voting on the
project and state his reasons for doing so. The "legitimate
expectation" of work can arise from many factors: the fact
that the supervisor and developer have often worked together in
the past; the fact that the supervisor owns the only grader or
particular type of machine required by the developer in the
locality, for example. If, however, the supervisor has not
been hired and has no legitimate expectation of being hired by
the devloper or offering his services to the developer, the
supervisor may and should vote on the project.
Second, however, if the supervisor who has voted on a
project subsequently obtains employment or acquires a
contract with the developer on whose project he voted, this
employment should be publicly disclosed. The supervisor
should then refrain from voting on any matters subsequently
arising regarding the project, including but not limited to
acceptance of the roads of the subdivision, release of the
guarantee bond, etc. Public disclosure of employment by the
developer should be made at the next public meeting of the
Supervisors and should be made a part of the minutes of that
meeting.
Lloyd P. Sowers
October 14, 1980
Page 4
As to your second question, the Ethics Act was not
designed to preclude public officials from engaging in
business with the public, in general. Residents of the
township are members of the public to whom you can offer
your services to dig probe holes. However, as stated above,
this work may not be acquired as a result of your public
office nor be offered as an attempt to influence your official
action, judgment or vote.
Finally, if you either obtain work from a developer or dig
probe holes, your work, if subject to inspection by the Township,
may not be inspected by you. In addition, in order to avoid the
appearance of a conflict your work cannot be inspected for
approval by anyone (township inspector, engineer, etc.) who is
subject to your approval by vote or is under your supervision.
V. Conclusion:
As a public official (supervisor) your conduct in relation
to the developer from whom you may obtain work should be governed
by the guidelines developed in the above Discussion. Specifically
you must:
(1) Not use your official position to obtain such employment;
(2) Not utilize confidential information gained in your
official capacity to secure such employment;
(3) Refrain from voting on a developer's plans where you
will seek, have been asked or can reasonably and
legitimately anticipate being asked to perform work
for the developer;
(4) Refrain from voting on matters related to a developer
from whom you obtain /secure work where you as Supervisor
may be asked to vote on these matters which arise after
you have obtained /secured such work;
(5) Make public your relationship with the developer or
acquired with the developer and the reasons for your
abstention as required by (3) and (4) immediately above.
Lloyd P. Sowers
October 14, 1980
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(i), this opinion is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission,
and evidence of good faith conduct in any civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully
all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available
as such.
PJS /rdp
PAUL J. S 4ZTH
Chairman