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To the Requester:
Ms. Irene M. Reed
Dear Ms. Reed:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 31, 2021
21-546
This responds to your letter received August 4, 2021, by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
Facts:
Whether, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
(Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., you would have a conflict of interest in your
capacity as a Member and Chair of the Board of Supervisors of Bern Township (Township)
with regard to voting on matters involving a facility that your husband's former employer,
the Penske Corporation, proposes to build in the Township?
Brief Answer: NO. You would not have a conflict of interest with regard to voting on
matters before the Township Board of Supervisors involving a facility that the Penske
Corporation proposes to build in the Township, where the submitted facts do not indicate
that the use of the authority of your office would financially impact you, a member of your
immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is
associated.
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon the following submitted facts:
You have served as a Township Supervisor for almost eighteen years, and you are currently
Chair of the Township Board of Supervisors. The Penske Corporation proposes to build a facility
in the Township, and plans for the facility were recently presented to the Township Planning
Commission.
Reed, 21-546
August 31, 2021
Page 2
Your husband worked for the Penske Corporation fifteen years ago, and he contributed to
a 401(k) plan while he worked there. Your husband does not have a pension with the Penske
Corporation.
You ask whether the Ethics Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon you with
regard to voting on matters involving the facility that the Penske Corporation proposes to build in
the Township.
Discussion:
Pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10),
(11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the requester has submitted.
In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all the material facts
relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the
extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all the material facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. -- No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
0) Voting conflict. -- Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or public employee who in
the discharge of his official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from
voting and, prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a written
memorandum filed with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any action on
a matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three -member governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be permitted to
Reed, 21-546
August 31, 2021
Page 3
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the private pecuniary
benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The term does not include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a particular
public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization,
self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term "conflict" or
"conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is prohibited from using
the authority of public office/employment or confidential information received by holding such a
public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated.
Reed, 21-546
August 31, 2021
Page 4
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of
authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying
for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would be
required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory
exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event of a voting
conflict.
Conclusion:
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are advised as
follows:
As a Member and Chair of the Township Board of Supervisors, you are a public official
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. As a public official, you are restricted from using the
authority of your public office for the private pecuniary (financial) benefit of yourself, a member
of your immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is
associated.
Your husband is a member of your "immediate family" as that term is defined in the Ethics
Act. The Penske Corporation is not a business with which your husband is associated because he
is not currently a director, officer, employee, or holder of a financial interest in the Penske
Corporation.
You are advised that you would not have a conflict of interest with regard to voting on
matters before the Township Board of Supervisors involving the facility that the Penske
Corporation proposes to build in the Township, as the submitted facts do not indicate that the use
of the authority of your office would financially impact you, a member of your immediate family,
or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act; the
applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than
the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an interpretation of the Ethics
Act. Specifically, this advisory does not address any applicability of the Second Class Township
Code.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Reed, 21-546
August 31, 2021
Page 5
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
rian D. Ja isi
Chief Coun