HomeMy WebLinkAbout21-543 Confidential
PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 19, 2021
To the Requester:
21-543
This responds to your letter received \[REDACTED\], by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
1. Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (Ethics Act), 65 Pa. C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon a Township Supervisor personally and
privately providing a gift of cash to a Township Manager in lieu of a publicly funded
employment bonus?
Brief Answer: NO. As presented, there is no use of office by the public official in violation
of the Ethics Act. HOWEVER, to the extent the gift is intended to influence the official
action or judgment of the Township Manager, the giving of the gift would be in violation
seeking/accepting improper influence
Facts:
You served as the Solicitor for \[TOWNSHIP\] Board of Supervisors. You have been
authorized by the Board of Supervisors to request an advisory opinion from the State Ethics
Commission based on submitted facts, summarized as follows.
\[SUPERVISOR 1\] is Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of \[TOWNSHIP\], a Second
Class Township located \[COUNTY\], Pennsylvania. The Township Board of Supervisors consists
of three members, and \[SUPERVISOR 1\]s spouse, \[SPOUSE\], serves as the \[TOWNSHIP
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August 19, 2021
Page 2
EMPLOYEE\]. You stated that \[SUPERVISOR 1\] recuses himself from all votes and discussions
regarding his spouses salary, bonuses, and any personnel matters involving his wife.
The Township Manager is \[MANAGER\]. At the \[REDACTED DATE\], Board of
Supervisors meeting, there was a public discussion regarding the possibility of providing
\[MANAGER\] an employment bonus for his services performed during the period of time that the
Township did not have live meetings, but instead relied on virtual meetings. One of the
Supervisors was against the proposed bonus, prompting \[SUPERVISOR 1\] to inquire whether or
not he could personally write a check to \[MANAGER\] for the proposed bonus amount, in lieu of
the Township using public monies. It is noted that \[MANAGER\] is the employment supervisor
of \[SUPERVISOR 1\]s spouse, and that the Code of Ordinances for the Township grants the
Manager oversight and primary responsibility as to Township personnel including the ability to
make recommendations as to hiring, firing, promotions, demotions, and any discipline of
Township personnel.
The question that you have posed to the State Ethics Commission is whether or not
\[SUPERVISOR 1\] can, from his private/personal monetary funds, provide the Township Manager
with a gift of cash equivalent to the bonus that had been proposed by the Township?
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
As a Township Supervisor, \[SUPERVISOR 1\] is a public official and as Township
Manager, \[MANAGER\] as those terms are defined in the Ethics Act, and
both are therefore subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103 of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest.--No public official or public employee
shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
(b) Seeking improper influence.--No person shall offer or give
to a public official, public employee or nominee or candidate
for public office or a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he is associated, anything of monetary
value, including a gift, loan, political contribution, reward or
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August 19, 2021
Page 3
promise of future employment based on the offerors or
donors understanding that the vote, official action or
judgment of the public official or public employee or
nominee or candidate for public office would be influenced
thereby.
(c) Accepting improper influence.--No public official, public
employee or nominee or candidate for public office shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value, including a gift,
loan, political contribution, reward or promise of future
employment, based on any understanding of that public
official, public employee or nominee that the vote, official
action or judgment of the public official or public employee
or nominee or candidate for public office would be
influenced thereby.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a),(b),(c).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Conflict or conflict of interest. Use by a public official
or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. The term does not
include an action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the public official
or public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
Authority of office or employment. The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
Immediate family. A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
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August 19, 2021
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Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office/public employment or confidential information
received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official/public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of
authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying
for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
Generally, there is no per se prohibition under the Ethics Act as to the rece-
strings-See, Cooper, Opinion 92 -009 (Citing
Wolfgang, Opinion 89 -028). A gift or gifts valued in the aggregate at $250.00 or more must be
disclosed on the Statement of Financial Interests in accordance with Section 1105(b)(6) of the
Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §1105(b)(6). Such disclosure must include the name and address of the
source, the amount of the gift or gifts, and the circumstances of each gift. Gifts that do not meet
the aggregate threshold of $250.00 need not be disclosed.
Although there is no prohibition as to gift acceptance, the Commission has found violations
of the Ethics Act when public officials/public employees have accepted gifts and acted upon
matters that the donors had pending before the governmental body. See, Sickles, Order No. 901;
Helsel, Order No. 801; Short, Order No. 1629. The acceptance of a gift with a de minimis
(insignificant) value would not in and of itself result in a conflict of interest; however, the decision
as to whether a conflict of interest is presented by the receipt of a gift is determined on a case-by-
case basis.
Addressing the specific question raised, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act (conflicts of
interests), would not be applicable to the , as factually presented within the
advisory opinion request, there is no use of office or confidential information by \[SUPERVISOR
1\]. As such, Section 1103(a) would not impose any prohibitions upon \[SUPERVISOR 1\]
contemplated actions as a public official.
As to Sections 1103(b)/(c) of the Ethics Act (seeking improper influence/accepting
improper influence
\[SUPERVISOR 1\] and \[MANAGER\] regarding the giving/receipt of the gift and official action.
There is concern as to dynamics of the relationship between the individuals and the appearance it
conveys. \[SUPERVISOR 1\] is the employment superior of \[MANAGER\] and proposes to provide
a gift to the employment superior of his spouse \[TOWNSIP EMPLOYEE\]. However, the mere
appearance of impropriety will not suffice to establish a conflict of interest under the most recent
version of the Ethics Act (Act 9 of 1989, P.L. 26, 65 P.S. § 401 et seq., as codified by Act 93 of
1998, Chapter 11, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. See Toft, 06-530.
The foregoing is noted not to imply any improper influence has been offered or accepted
but rather to provide a complete response to the request for an advisory opinion. The Ethics Act
is a public trust and that any effort to realize personal financial gain
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August 19, 2021
Page 5
Pa.C.S. §1101.1 Furthermore, by enacting the Ethics Act, the General Assembly declar
order to strengthen the faith and confidence of the people of this Commonwealth in their
government, the Legislature further declares that the people have a right to be assured that the
Id.
Regardless of the presumed good intentions of the gift to be conveyed, one must answer
The answer will not be found in this advisory but will
rather be answered by the electorate.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act. The
applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than
the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an interpretation of the Ethics
Act. Not addressed within this advice is to what extent, if any, the Internal Revenue Code and the
Pennsylvania Second Class Township Code may be applicable.
Conclusion:
As a Township Supervisor, \[SUPERVISOR 1\] wnship
Manager, \[MANAGER\]
both are therefore subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
There is no per se - strings-
Any gift received valued in the aggregate of
$250.00 or more must be reported on Statement of Financial Interests filed for the years the gift
was made/received.
No person shall offer or give to a public official/public employee (nor shall a public
official/employee accept) anything of monetary value, including a gift, based on the offerors
understanding that the official action or judgment of the public official/employee will be
influenced thereby.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
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August 19, 2021
Page 6
Respectfully,
Brian D. Jacisin
Chief Counsel