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PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 10, 2021
To the Requester:
Mr. Douglas R. Droppa
21-541
Dear Mr. Droppa:
This responds to your letter received July 20, 2021, by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issues:
1. Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (Ethics Act), 65 Pa. C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon the naming of a Borough owned,
public access garden, after a currently serving Borough Council Member?
Brief Answer: NO. As presented, there is no use of office by the public official and more
importantly, no private pecuniary benefit, and as such there is no conflict of interests
pursuant the Ethics Act.
Facts:
1
On behalf of Galeton Borough Council Member, Denise (Denny) Dean, you have
requested an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts, the material portion of
which are summarized below.
1
Ms. Denise Dean has authorized you to make this request on her behalf.
Droppa/Dean, 21-541
August 10, 2021
Page 2
You state that Denise (Denny) Dean has been a nearly lifelong resident of Galeton
Borough, Potter County, Pennsylvania. In the more than 25 years that you have personally known
her, she has dedicated an unbelievable number of hours and efforts to local churches, the Chamber
of Commerce, and now as a Galeton Borough Council Member.
Galeton Borough most recently purchased an overgrown lot next to the Borough Municipal
Office and Police Station. Council would like to create a small, formal garden in this area and
he Denny Dean Rose Garden
You state that no public tax money would be used for the purchasing of plants, trellises,
mulch, topsoil, sand, lumber, picnic table, bench, grass seed, garbage can, concrete and/or any
other items used for the garden construction. Additionally, you state that Borough employees
would not be responsible for any of the labor.
You state that all money utilized for this project will be raised through donations, including
private donations from Council Members, and friends and family of Ms. Dean. You also state that
an unofficial poll of Council Members showed unanimous support for this project and the naming
of the garden after Ms. Dean. You stated that neither yourself nor Ms. Dean would participate in
any vote of Council regarding the proposed action.
You conclude by stating that there would be no financial benefit to Ms. Dean from having
the garden named after her. The garden would be open to the public and no merchandise would
be sold in conjunction with the garden. Any improvements that would be made to the vacant lot
ultimately become Borough property and do not belong to any one individual or person, including
but not limited to, Ms. Dean and/or members of her immediate family. You state that you do not
believe that a conflict of interest exists and that you and Ms. Dean are willing to submit an affidavit
confirming that you do not, and would not, receive any financial benefit from this project.
You seek advice as to whether or not there are any prohibitions under the Pennsylvania
Public Official and Employee Ethics Act regarding the naming of this garden after Ms. Denise
(Denny) Dean, a currently serving Member of Galeton Borough Council.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all material facts.
As a Borough Council Member, Ms. Dean is a public official as that term is defined in
the Ethics Act, and therefore is subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Droppa/Dean, 21-541
August 10, 2021
Page 3
Sections 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest.--No public official or public employee
shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Conflict or conflict of interest. Use by a public official
or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. The term does not
include an action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the public official
or public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
Authority of office or employment. The actual power
provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
Immediate family. A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office/public employment or confidential information
received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official/public employee herself, any member of her immediate family, or a business with which
she or a member of her immediate family is associated.
Droppa/Dean, 21-541
August 10, 2021
Page 4
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting but extends to any use of
authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying
for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In applying the above provision of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you have stated that
Ms. Dean would abstain and not participate in any formal vote of Borough Council regarding the
naming and/or creation of this garden. It is noted that use of office can extend beyond mere voting,
and would include any effort to influence, lobby, or otherwise utilize the authority of ones office
to further a pecuniary benefit.
Most importantly, you have declared that neither Ms. Dean, nor any member of her
immediate family would be the recipient of any pecuniary (financial) gain regarding the naming
of this garden after her. It appears the only benefit that would be conveyed upon Ms. Dean is her
being honored through her name being affixed to the Borough park/garden. The Supreme Court
Commonwealth v. Veon, 150 A.3d 435, 446 (2016). In rendering its decision,
\[did not\] intended to establish a basis for prosecuting
misuse of public monies where it is not personal receipt or retention of those monies, but rather
Ider
favorable publicity, to obtain free publicity, to enhance standing in the community, or to otherwise
Id.
(internal citations omitted).
Even if public monies would be utilized for the creation of this garden, the financial gain
to Ms. Dean is an intangible gain. Because the only benefit is intangible, an essential element of
a conflict of interest is absent and as such, there is no violation of the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Act by naming the garden after Ms. Dean.
However, should Ms. Dean take official action to contract or otherwise convey a pecuniary
(financial) benefit to herself, members of her immediate family, and/or businesses with which her
immediate family is associated, such actions could be the basis for conflict of interest. It is not
suggested that such activity has or will occur; however, in order to provide a thorough response to
your question, same as being noted within this advice.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act. The
applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than
the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an interpretation of the Ethics
Act. Not addressed within this advice is to what extent, if any, the Pennsylvania Borough Code
may be applicable.
Conclusion:
As a Borough Council Member, Ms. Denise (Denny) Dean is
term is defined in the Ethics Act and is therefore subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Droppa/Dean, 21-541
August 10, 2021
Page 5
In order for a violation of the Ethics Act to occur, a public official must receive a pecuniary
benefit, through use of their office. The stated facts do not evidence any use of office, nor a
financial benefit bestowed upon Ms. Dean. The naming of the park after her would constitute an
intangible gain, which cannot serve as the basis of a financial benefit pursuant the Ethics Act. As
such, there is no prohibition under the Pennsylvania Public Official and Employee Ethics Act of
naming the park after her.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Brian D. Jacisin
Chief Counsel