HomeMy WebLinkAbout92-609Dear Mr. Brooks:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 25, 1992
Mr. Benjamin F. Brooks 92 -609
Major Ben's Consulting
3900 Greenwood Boulevard
Harrisburg, PA 17109
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Major; Pennsylvania
State Police.
This responds to your letter of May 28, 1992, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue :° Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a Major following
termination of service with the Pennsylvania State Police.
Facts: As a former Major with the Pennsylvania State Police, you
request an advisory from this Commission.. On January 3, 1992, you
retired from the Pennsylvania State Police where you served as a
Major in Affirmative Action /Contract Compliance. During your last
four years of service, you were involved in training police
departments throughout Pennsylvania regarding affirmative action
and sexual harassment. Since your retirement, you have established
a consulting agency which teaches these subjects.
You state that you know that you may not contract with the
Pennsylvania State Police for one year following retirement. You
specifically-inquire as to how the Ethics Law would restrict you in
doing business with other municipalities, private companies,
colleges and universities.
Discussion: As a Major with the Pennsylvania State Police, you
would be considered a "public employee" within the definition of
that term as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. 5402; 51 Pa.
Code S1.1. This conclusion is based upon the fact that in your
former position as a Major, you were not a rank and file officer
but would have supervisory duties and other functions which would
bring you within the definition of "public employee."
Mr. Benjamin F. Brooks
June 25, 1992
Page 2
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you became
a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the Ethics Act
provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you have been associated while working with the Pennsylvania
State Police must be identified. Then, the scope of the
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
,Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body. -
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you have been
associated upon termination of public service would be the
Pennsylvania State Police in its entirety. The above is based upon
the language of the Ethics Law, the legislative intent ( Legislative
Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior
precedent of this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006,
the Commission found that a former Division Director of the
Department of Public Welfare (DPW) was not merely restricted to the
particular Division as was contended but was in fact restricted to
all of DPW regarding the one year representation restriction.
Similarly in Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R, it was determined that a
former legislative assistant to a state senator was not merely
restricted to that particular senator but to the entire Senate as
Mr. Benjamin P. Brooks
June 25, 1992
Rage 3
his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with the Pennsylvania State Police, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law
would apply and restrict representation of persons or new employers
vis -a -vis the Pennsylvania State Police.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was. associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
governmental body
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. 51901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
have been associated is the Pennsylvania State Police in its
entirety.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability-to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Thus, in response to your specific inquiry,
Section 3(g) would not restrict your proposed conduct before other
governmental bodies, businesses, or educational institutions.
Likewise there is no general limitation on the type of employment
in which- a person may engage, following departure from their
governmental body. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of
interest law is. primarily concerned with financial' conflicts and
violations of- the public trust. The intent of the law generally is
that during the term of a person's public employment he must act
consistently with the public trust and upon departure from the
public sedtor, that individual should not be - allowed to utilize his
association with the public sector, officials or employees to
secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that
may be obtainable only because of his - association with his former
Mr. Benjamin F,. Brooks
June 25, 1992
Page 4
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Et ics Law defines "Represent" as folios*:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent. ". To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics. Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in relation
to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91-012, the Commission" `eld
that Section 3(g) would p rohibit the inclusion of the < name pf a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted iy his
Mr. Benjamin F. Brooks
June 25, 1992
Page 5
:) 'T fl ':
new employer to the former _governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to the Pennsylvania State Police. However, you may not be
identified on documents submitted to the Pennsylvania State Police.
You may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before the Pennsylvania State Police. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the Pennsylvania
State Police. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not
prohibit or preclude the making of general informational inquiries
of the Pennsylvania State Police to secure information which is
available to the general public. This must not be done in an
effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or to
otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
for the new employer.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of =the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the 'Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: In your former capacity as a Major with the
Pennsylvania State Police, you would be be considered a "public
employee" as defined in the Ethics Law. Upon termination of
service with the Pennsylvania State Police, you became a "former
public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The
former governmental body is the Pennsylvania State Police in its
entirety. The restrictions as to representation outlined above
must be 'followed. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the, yea= following termination of service.
Mr. senjamin r. Brooks
June 25, 19g2
Page 6
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
'rriew this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
Will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
d
issued. Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
Sincerely,
0 nc&iet Aiko.
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel