HomeMy WebLinkAbout92-597Mr. bavid S. Feinberg
432 Candlewyck Road
Camp'Hill, PA 17011
Dear Mr. Feinberg:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O: BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 12, 1992
92 -597
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Executive -Level State
Employee; Section 3(i); Deputy Secretary for Medical
Assistance; Department of Public Welfare.
This responds to your letter of May 4, 1992, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of the Deputy Secretary
for Medical Assistance following termination of service with the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Welfare.
Facts: Having ended your employment as the Deputy Secretary for
Medical Assistance with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Public Welfare ( "DPW "), on May 4, 1992, you request
an advisory from this Commission regarding the restrictions of the
Ethics Law upon you. You state that as the Deputy Secretary for
Medical Assistance you were responsible for all aspects of the
Medical Assistance Program in Pennsylvania. You have submitted a
copy of your job classification specification for the former
position with DPW, which document is incorporated herein by
reference.
On May 4, 1992, you became an employee of S.R. Wojdak &
Associates acting as a health care consultant. You state that if
not restricted by the Ethics Law, this position could involve
contact with DPW. You specifically inquire as to what contact you
are permitted to have with DPW in relation to meetings, phone
calls, written correspondence and the like.
Discussion: As the Deputy Secretary for Medical Assistance for the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Welfare ("DPW"),
you would be considered a "public employee" within the definition
of that terra as set forth in the Public Official and Employee
Mr. David S. Feinberg
June 12, 1992
Page 2
Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402;
51 Pa. Code S1.1. This conclusion is based upon the job
description, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates
clearly that the power exists to take or recommend official action
of a non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting,
procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or monitoring
grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other activities where the
economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of
another person.
In addition, you would be considered an executive -level state
employee as that term is defined under the Ethics Law, and hence
you would be subject to the requirements of Section 3(i) of the
Ethics Law, infra.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. . Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public . official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
whrah is necessary to the performance of
Mr. David S. Feinberg
June 12, 1992
Page 3
duties and responsibilities unique to a
parti'ular public office or position of public
employment.
"Executive -level State employee." The
Governor, Lieutenant Governor, cabinet
members, deputy secretaries, the Governor's
office staff, any State employee with
discretionary powers which may affect the
outcome of a State agency's decision in
relation to a private corporation or business
_ or any employee who by virtue of- his job
function could influence the outcome of such a
decision.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities
(i) No former executive -level State
employee may for a period of two years from
the time that he terminates his State
employment be employed by, receive
compensation from, assist or act in a
representative capacity for a business or
corporation that he actively participates in
recruiting to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
or that he actively participated in inducing
to open a new-plant, facility or branch in the
Commonwealth or 'that he actively participated
in inducing to expand an existent plant or
facility within the Commonwealth, provided
that the above prohibition shall be invoked
only when the recruitment or inducement is
accomplished by a or loan of money or a
promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation
recruited or induced to expand.
Mr, David S. Feinberg
June 12, 1992
Page 4
Under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law quoted above
official /employee may not use the authority
office /employment or confidential information received
such a public position for the private pecuniary
himself, a member of his immediate family, or business
he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
, a public
of public
by holding
benefit of
with which
In applying Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law to the proffered
facts, Section 3(a) would prohibit you from using the position or
emoluments of your public position or confidential information to
advance an opportunity of private employment with S.R. Wojdak &
Associates. Once again, it is not suggested that you have engaged
in such conduct and the foregoing is provided to give a complete
response to your inquiry.
As to Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law, you are subject to that
provision of law since you are an executive -level state employee.
However, Section 3(i) would not restrict you from the position of
employment with S.R. Wojdak &•Associates provided you did not
actively participate in recruiting or inducing S.R. Wojdak &
Associates to open a new facility or branch in the Commonwealth or
to expand an existing plant or facility, that was accomplished by
a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money
from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to S.R. Wojdak & Associates.
The facts do not indicate whether you actively participated in
such matters. Conditioned upon the assumption that there has been
no active participation by you in such recruitment or inducement of
S.R. Wojdak & Associates to open or expand a facility or branch
through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of
money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, you would not be
prohibited from accepting the position of employment with S.R.
Wojdak & Associates.
As for Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law, upon termination of
public service, you became a "former public employee" subject to
Section 3(g) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law.
Section 3 of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
Mr. David S. Feinberg
June 12, 1992
Page 5
which you have been associated while working with DPW must be
identified. Then,-the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and- of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or' has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
" tovernmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which •the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or'elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the•governmental body with which you have been
associated upon termination of public service would be DPW in its
entirety. The above is based upon the language of the Ethics Law,
the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. ` 15 at' 290, 291) and • the prior precedent of this Commission.
Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a
former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare '(DPW)
was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one :ear representation restriction. -Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to
a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with DPW, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict
representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis DPW.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been " It was the
specific intent of the ' General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated.. The foregoing intent is - reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term: -
Mr. David S. Feinberg
June 12, 1992
Page 6
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Lecrislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. S1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
have'been associated is DPW in its entirety.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
Mr. David S. Feinberg
June 12, 1972
Page 7
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
or contain the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in relation
to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shav, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official= /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to DPW. However; you may not be identified on documents submitted
to DPW. You may also counsel any person regarding that person's
appearance before DPW. Once again, however, the activity in this
respect should not be. revealed to DPW. Of course, any ban under
the Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude the making of general
informational inquiries of DPW to secure information which is
available to the general public. This must not be done in an
effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or to
otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
for the new employer.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
Mr. David 6, , reinberg
June 12, 1992
Page $
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not
addressed herein is the applicability of the Governor's Code of
Conduct.
Conclusion: As the Deputy Secretary for Medical Assistance for the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Welfare, you
would be considered a "public employee" and an executive -level
state employee subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. Under
Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law, you would not be prohibited from
accepting a position of employment with S.R. Wodjak & Associates
conditioned upon the assumption that you did not actively
participate in inducing or recruiting said company to open or
expand a facility or branch through a grant or loan of money or a
promise of a grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania. Upon termination of service with DPW, you became a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics
Law. The former governmental body is DPW in its entirety. The
restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
The propriety-of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
- Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
issued. Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code $2.12.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel