HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-622 HemingSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 3, 1994
Todd W. Homing
Box 275
New Florence, PA 15944 94 -622
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Private Employment or
Business, County Airport Manager, Services to Engineer Who
Contracts With Airport Authority.
Dear Mr. Heming:
This responds to your letter of September 28, 1994, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the manager of a county airport is prohibited or
restricted by the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law from
being employed by or providing services in a private capacity to an
engineer who contracts with the airport authority.
Facts: As the manager of an airport for a county government, you
request an advisory from the State Ethics Commission. You report
directly to an airport authority of which you are not a voting
member. The authority receives state and federal grants to
engineer and construct capital improvement projects on the airport.
You pose the following questions:
1. Whether it is a conflict of interest for the
contracted engineer to the airport authority
to purchase services from you during hours for
which you are not working for the county?
2. Whether the projects must be unrelated to your
present employer, i.e., whether your services
could only be provided for projects outside of
those contracted by the airport authority.
Based upon all of the above, you request an advisory from the
State Ethics Commission.
Discussion: It is initially noted that . pursuant to Sections 7(10)
and 7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S. §§407(10), (11), advisories
are issued to the requestor based upon the facts which the
Heming, Todd W., 94 -622
November 3, 1994
Page 2
requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory _. based upon the
facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not
engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it
speculate as to facts which have not been submitted. It is the
burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. 65407(10), (11). An
advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has
truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is further initially noted that your inquiry may only be
addressed with regard to your own prospective conduct. Questions
as to the conduct of the engineer who contracts with the airport
authority would constitute a third party inquiry which the
Commission may not address within the statutory parameters of the
Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407 (10),(11).
As the manager of an airport for a county government, you are
a public official /public employee as that term is defined under the
Ethics Law, and hence you are subject to the provisions of that
law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3.. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
Herring, Todd W., 94 -622
November 3, 1994
Page 3
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by laov, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
instant matter, it is noted that Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law
does not prohibit public officials /employees from outside business
activities or employment; however, the public official /employee may
not use the authority of office for the advancement of his own
private pecuniary benefit or that of a business with which he is
associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -011. A public official /employee
must exercise caution so that his private business activities do
not conflict with his public duties. Crisci, Opinion 89 -013.
Thus, a public official /employee could not perform private business
using governmental facilities or. personnel. In particular, the
governmental telephones, postage, staff, equipment, research
materials, personnel or any other property could not be used as a
means, in whole or part, to carry out private business activities.
In addition, the public official /employee could not during
government working hours, solicit or promote such business
activity. Pancoe, supra. Similarly, Section 3(a) would expressly
prohibit the use of confidential information received by holding
public office / employment for such a prohibited private pecuniary
benefit.
In the event that the private employer or business has a
matter pending before the governmental body or if the public
official /public employee as part of such official duties must
participate, review or pass upon that matter, a conflict would
exist. Miller, Opinion 89 -024. In those instances, it would be
necessary for the public official /public employee to be removed
from that process.
Herring, Todd W., 94 -622
November 3, 1994
Page 4
In such cases as noted above, Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law
would require not only that the public official /public employee
abstain from participation but also file a written memorandum to
that effect with the person recording the minutes or his
supervisor.
In summary, the Ethics Law would restrict the following:
1. The use of authority of office to obtain any business in
a private capacity;
2. utilization of confidential information gained through
public position;
3. participating in discussions, reviews, or recommendations
on matters which relate to the business /private employer
which may come before the governmental body and in such
cases publicly announcing the relationship or advising
the supervisor as well as filing a written memorandum as
per the requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law.
Brooks, Opinion 89 -023.
Having set forth the above principles which apply generally to
questions of private employment /business activities of a public
official /public employee, your specific inquiries will now be
addressed with respect to your own prospective conduct.
Your first "question was whether . it would be a conflict of
interest for the engineer who contracts with the airport authority
for capital improvement projects to purchase services from you
during your hours for which you are not working for the county, As
noted above, this inquiry may be addressed with regard to your
own prospective conduct. Thus, the question is whether it would be
a conflict of interest for you to provide services to the aforesaid
engineer on your own time. Generally speaking, the Ethics Law
would restrict you from working for the said engineer on your
own time subject to the restrictions which apply to Section 3(a) as
set forth above. Thus, for example, you could not use the
authority of your position as the airport manager or any
confidential information received by holding your said position to
advance your prospects for such private employment or for the
private pecuniary benefit of yourself and /or the engineer.
There would be concerns as to your involvement in projects
related to the airport authority. These concerns arise not only
under the Ethics Law but also under the Municipality Authorities
Act of 1945. First, with regard to the Ethics Law, there is a
great potential for a conflict of interest should you work in your
private capacity on airport authority projects. In any given
instance, the existence of a conflict of interest would hinge upon
whether you would use the authority of your public position for a
Heming, Todd W., 94 -622
November 3, 1994
Page 5
private pecuniary benefit for yourself or for the engineer who
would be employing your services. For example, if in your role as
airport manager, you would be in a position to oversee those
contracts, an obvious conflict of interest would exist if you had
worked on them in a private capacity on your own time. See,
Miller, Opinion 89 -024. It is strongly recommended that as such
projects involving the airport authority arise, you seek further
advice from this Commission, providing the material facts as to
your involvement with those projects in both your public and
private capacities.
Furthermore, although the State Ethics Commission does not
have the express statutory jurisdiction to interpret the
Municipality Authorities Act, it is noted that said Act provides as
follows:
43 P.S. 5312(D).
I?, No member of the Authority or officer
or employee thereof shall either directly or
indirectly be a party to or be in any manner
interested in any contract or agreement with
the Authority for any matter, cause or thing
whatsoever" by reason whereof any liability or
indebtedness shall in any way be created
against such Authority. If any contract or
agreement shall be made in violation of the
provisions of this section the same shall be
null and void and no action shall be
maintained thereon against such Authority.
It is strongly recommended that you obtain the advice of legal
gounsel as to the applicability of the Municipality Authorities Act
of 1945 to your proposed conduct.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed
herein is the applicability of the County Code and /or the
Municipality Authorities Act of 1945, although it has been
recommended that you seek the advice of legal counsel with regard
to the applicability of the Municipality Authorities Act to your
proposed conduct.
CQpclusion: As manager of an airport for a county government, you
are a public official /public employee subject to the provisions of
the Ethiask L,aw, Section 3 (a) of the Ethics Law would not preclude
you from outside employment /business activity subject to the
restrictions and qualifications as noted. above. In the event that
Heming, Todd W., 94 -622
November 3, 1994
Page 6
the employer /business would have matters pending before your
governmental body, then you could not participate in that matter
and the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law
as outlined above would have to be satisfied. Although Section
3(a) of the Ethics Law would generally not prohibit your proposed
services to an engineer who contracts with the airport authority,
serious concerns have been noted as to whether Section 3(a) would
permit your involvement in projects related to the airport
authority. It is recommended that as such instances arise, you
seek further advice from this Commission. It has further been
strongly recommended that you obtain the advice of legal counsel as
to the applicability of the Municipality Authorities Act of 1945 to
your proposed conduct. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor hap disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available
such.
Finally, if you disagree sritb this Advice or if you have
any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the
full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the
COMMI SSiOf .
.Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days pf the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 513.3 (h) . The appeal may
be received at the Commission by hand delivery, United .gtates
mail, delivery service, or by FAX transmission (7/7
Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within fifteen
(15) days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
171 cerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel
as