HomeMy WebLinkAbout96-617 WrightStephen P.B. Minor, Esquire
PO Box 385
219 North Main Street
Port Allegany, PA 16743
Dear Mr. Minor:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 16, 1996
96 -617
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, County, Housing and Redevelopment
Authority Director, Spouse, Purchase of Assembly Company.
This responds to your letters of October 11, 1996 and November 8, 1996 in
which you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Jssue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law presents any
prohibition or restrictions upon the Director of a County Housing and Redevelopment
Authority where the Director's spouse is the sole shareholder of a corporation which
seeks to purchase an assembly company in the same County, and the Director would
be a Board Member and Officer in the company to be acquired and would be directly
involved in the business should the proposed transaction be accomplished.
Facts: You have been authorized by John A. Wright (Wright) to seek an advisory
from the State Ethics Commission on his behalf.
Wright has served as the Director of the Potter County Housing and
Redevelopment Authority for approximately 16 years. This is a non - voting position.
As Redevelopment Director, Wright is often involved in soliciting and procuring federal,
state and private grants and loans to help develop local businesses and industries.
Several years ago, Wright's agency worked with other organizations to establish an
industrial development park to help attract industry and business to the county. You
state that because of the size of the County and due to Wright's position, he is
acquainted with many of the business owners in the County.
Several years ago, Wright became acquainted with Rodney Heymann
(Heymann). Heymann was involved in establishing several small businesses in and
around the County. One such business was Couder Components which is located in
the industrial park. You state that Couder Components was given the same
opportunities as was any other potential business venture in the development area.
You state that to the best of your knowledge that company was a corporation,
Minor/Wriaht, 96 -617
December 16, 1996
Page 2
although you are not sure whether Heymann and /or his wife was the shareholder. It
is your belief, however, that Heymann was at least an officer and board member of the
corporation. You state that the Redevelopment Authority Board was engaged in a
transaction with that corporation but had no other connection or business involvement
in any other entity in which Heymann was a shareholder, officer or director. Your
letter is unclear as to the nature of the transaction with Couder Components, but you
state that "it" was paid in full over a period of time.
In addition to Couder Components, Heymann was involved in another business
outside of the industrial park, Potter Pak, which is a small packaging company. It is
your understanding that Heymann and /or his children were the shareholders and that
Heymann was an officer and board member of that corporation. The Authority has
never had any business dealings of any nature with Potter Pak.
In the last year or so, Heymann and Wright's family entered into negotiations
for the purchase and sale of Potter Pak. You state that the purchase price appears
reasonable and is to be paid over a period of years. Heymann has since passed away
and his heirs now own the Potter Pak Corporation. The purchaser of the corporation
will be a separate corporation which was formed by Wright's wife wherein she will be
the sole shareholder. Wright will be an officer and board member of that corporation
and will be directly involved in the business.
You state that Potter Pak has never been involved with any grants or loans or
received any preferential treatment through the Authority during the period of time that
Wright has been involved with the agency, nor does Potter Pak have any pending
dealings with the Authority. You further state that as far as you know, no other
corporation or business in the County is in direct competition with the business that
is being purchased.
You request an advisory as to whether the purchase of Potter Pak by Wright's
wife would present a conflict of interest for Wright as the Authority Director.
Discussion: it is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10) and 7(1 1) of the
Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § 5407(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon
the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. § 5407(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
It is further initially noted that a reading of Sections 7(10) and (11) of the Ethics
Act makes it clear that an opinion /advice may be given only as to prospective (future)
conduct. If the activity in question has already occurred, the Commission may not
issue an opinion /advice but any person may then submit a signed and sworn complaint
which will be investigated by the Commission if there are allegations of Ethics Law
violations by a person who is subject to the Ethics Law.
As Director of the Potter County Housing and Redevelopment Authority, Wright
is a public official /public employee as that term is defined under the Ethics Law, and
hence he is subject to the provisions of that law.
Minor /Wright, 96 -617
December 16, 1996
Page 3
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall
engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an action having a de
minimis economic impact or which affects to the same
degree a class consisting of the general public or a subclass
consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public employee, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial interest in a legal
entity engaged in business for profit which comprises more
than 5% of the equity of the business or more than 5% of
the assets of the economic interest in indebtedness.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no
public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon
the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Minor /Wriaht, 96 -617
December 16, 1996
Page 4
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not otherwise
addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would
be required to vote on a matter that would result in a
conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the
vote being taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature
of his interest, as a public record in a written memorandum
filed with the person responsible for recording the minutes
of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any
action on a matter before it because the number of
members of the body required to abstain from voting under
the provisions of this section makes the majority or other
legally required vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if disclosures are made
as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a three -
member governing body of a political subdivision, where
one member has abstained from voting as a result of a
conflict of interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the member who
has abstained shall be permitted to vote to break the tie
vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public official /employee to abstain
and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing
a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes or
supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See,
Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the circumstances which
you have submitted, pursuant to Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law, a public official /public
employee is prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information received by holding such a public position for the private
pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his
immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law does not prohibit public officials /employees from
outside business activities or employment; however, the public official /employee may
not use the authority of office for the advancement of his own private pecuniary
benefit or that of a business with which he is associated. pancoe Opinion 89 -01 1.
Minor /Wright, 96 -617
December 16, 1996
Page 5
Likewise, pursuant to Section 3(a), a public official /public employee may not use the
authority of the public position or confidential information obtained by being in that
position to effectuate a detriment to business competitors. Pepper Opinion 87 -008.
A public official /employee must exercise caution so that his private business
activities do not conflict with his public duties. Crisci, Opinion 89 -013. Thus, a public
official /employee may not perform private business using governmental facilities or
personnel. In particular, the governmental telephones, postage, staff, equipment,
research materials, personnel or any other property may not be used as a means, in
whole or part, to carry out private business activities. In addition, the public
official /employee may not during government working hours, solicit or promote such
business activity. Pancoe supra. Similarly, Section 3(a) would expressly prohibit the
use of confidential information received by holding public office/ employment for such
a prohibited private pecuniary benefit.
Section 3(a) operates to restrict a public official /public employee in his official
capacity. From the facts, it does not appear that there is any matter pending before
the Housing and Redevelopment Authority involving the Heymann's, Potter Pak, or any
other business owned by the Heymann's or the Wright's.
If the proposed purchase of Potter Pak is culminated as planned, it will obviously
be a business with which Mr. Wright, as a board member and officer, is associated as
that term is defined in the Ethics Law. Matters before the Housing and Redevelopment
Authority involving Potter Pak would present potential conflicts of interest for Mr.
Wright. It is suggested that if and when such circumstances arise, further advice be
sought from this Commission.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official /public employee is
required to abstain fully from participation and to fully satisfy the disclosure
requirements of Section 3(j) as set forth above.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the County Code.
Conclusion: As Director of the Potter County Housing and Redevelopment
Authority, John A. Wright is a public official /public employee subject to the provisions
of the Ethics Law. Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would not preclude Wright from
outside employment /business activity subject to the restrictions and qualifications as
noted above. If Wright becomes a board member and officer of Potter Pak, Potter Pak
will be a business with which Wright is associated. Matters before the Housing and
Redevelopment Authority involving Potter Pak as a business with which Wright is
associated would present potential conflicts of interest for Wright. It is suggested that
further advice be sought from this Commission should such matters arise. In each
instance of a conflict of interest, Wright would be required to abstain fully from
participation and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j). Lastly, the
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
JNinor /Wright, 96 -617
December 16, 1996
Page 6
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa.Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
Sincerely,
VincentJ
Chief Counsel