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PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 6, 2021
To the Requester:
21-523
This responds to your letter received April 13, 2021, by which you requested an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission (Commission), seeking guidance as to the issue
presented below:
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (Ethics Act), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et
seq., would impose restrictions upon you with regard to performing work for a \[TYPE OF
FIRM\] following termination of your employment as a \[POSITION\] with the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]?
Brief Answer: YES. During the first year following termination of your employment with
the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\], Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and
restrict you from engaging in any activity that would involve
including but not limited to a new employer, such as a \[TYPE OF FIRM\] before the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\].
Facts:
You request an advisory from the Commission based upon submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows:
At the time that you submitted your inquiry, you were employed as a \[POSITION\] with
the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] in \[UNIT A\]. You have submitted a copy of your official
Confidential Advice, 21-523
May 6, 2021
Page 2
Commonwealth position description, which is incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the job
classification specifications for the position of \[POSITION\] (job code \[NUMBER\]) has been
obtained and is also incorporated herein by reference.
You stated that you would be retiring from your Commonwealth employment effective
\[DATE\], and that you would begin working for a \[TYPE OF FIRM\] (the Firm) approximately one
month later. The Firm has existing contracts and will have future contracts with various
Commonwealth agencies.
You seek guidance as to whether the Ethics Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions
upon you during the first year following termination of your employment with the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]. In particular, you pose the following questions:
1. Whether you would be permitted to work on contracts that the Firm has with a
Commonwealth agency, and whether your name could appear on routine invoices
if your work did not involve \[UNIT A\] and the contracts were executed prior to
your retirement from the Commonwealth;
2. Whether you would be permitted to assist in the preparation of documents presented
to a Commonwealth agency as long as your name would not appear on the
documents;
3. Whether you would be permitted to counsel
appearance before a Commonwealth agency as long as you would not reveal such
counseling to that Commonwealth agency; and
4. Whether you would be permitted to make general informational inquires to a
Commonwealth agency to secure information that is available to the general public
as long as your inquiry would not be done in an effort to directly influence your
former governmental entity or to otherwise make known to that entity your
representation of, or your work for, the Firm.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65
Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based upon the facts that the
requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts that the requester has
submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts that have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory
only affords a defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a \[POSITION\] for the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\], you would be considered a
See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. This conclusion is based upon the position description
and the job classification specifications, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicate
Confidential Advice, 21-523
May 6, 2021
Page 3
clearly that the power exists to take or recommend official action of a non-ministerial nature with
respect to one or more of the following: contracting; procurement; administering or monitoring
grants or subsidies; planning or zoning; inspecting; licensing; regulating; auditing; or other
activity(ies) where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of another
person.
Consequently, upon termination of your employment with the \[COMMONWEALTH
ENTITY\], you would become a former public employee subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics
Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official/public employee from
accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official/public employee
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee.--No former public official
or public employee shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body with which
he has been associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
Represent. To act on behalf of any other person in any
activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following: personal
appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of a former public
official or public employee.
Person. A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club or
other organization or group of persons.
Governmental body with which a public official or public
employee is or has been associated. The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision by which the public official
or employee is or has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Confidential Advice, 21-523
May 6, 2021
Page 4
The term Person is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and other
businesses. It also includes the former public official/public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93-005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95-007.
The term represent is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any person in
any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal appearances before the
former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3) submission of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official/public employee;
(4) participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a
person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich, Opinion 89-005.
Listing ones name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body, constitutes an
attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also generally prohibits the
inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even if the invoices pertain to a contract that
existed prior to termination of service with such governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012.
However, if such a pre-existing contract does not involve the unit where a former public employee
worked, the name of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by
the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion
95-011.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public official/public employee
may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body. The former
public official/public employee may also counsel any person regarding that persons appearance
before his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not
be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude
making general informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information
which is available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard to
representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/public employee
he
particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental body where the public official/public
employee had influence or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of
House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006; Sharp, Opinion 90-009-R.
The governmental body with which you would be deemed to have been associated upon
termination of your employment with the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] would be the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] in its entirety, including but not limited to \[UNIT A\]. Therefore,
for the first year following termination of your employment with the \[COMMONWEALTH
ENTITY\]
Confidential Advice, 21-523
May 6, 2021
Page 5
including but not limited to a new employer, such as the Firmbefore the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\].
You are advised that Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from
accepting employment with the Firm. However, during the first year following termination of
your employment with the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\], Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would prohibit you from engaging in any activity that would involve representation of the Firm
before the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\].
Turning to your specific questions, you are advised as follows.
The restrictions of Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act outlined above would apply where
your activity would involve your former governmental body, the \[COMMONWEALTH
ENTITY\], and would not apply where your activity would involve a Commonwealth agency other
than the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]. Accordingly, your questions shall be addressed to the
extent that they relate to activity that would involve the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\].
In response to your first question, you are advised that Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
would not prohibit you from working on contracts that the Firm has with the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] subject to the condition that in so doing, you would not engage
in prohibited representation before the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] as set forth above.
You are further advised that during the one-year period of applicability of Section 1103(g)
of the Ethics Act, as a general rule, your name cannot be listed on invoices submitted to the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]. However, if you perform work on \[COMMONWEALTH
ENTITY\] contracts that existed before you terminated your employment with the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] where you worked, specifically \[UNIT A\], your name can
appear on routine invoices submitted to the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] as to those pre-
existing contracts if required by the regulations of the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\].
With respect to your remaining three questions, you are advised that the restrictions of
Section 1103(g) outlined above must be followed with respect to: (1) the preparation of documents
that would be submitted to the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]; (2) counseling a person as to that
before the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]; and (3) making general
informational inquiries to the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\].
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act;
the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered.
Conclusion:
As a \[POSITION\] for the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\], you would be considered a
public employee subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission.
Upon termination of your employment with the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\], you would
Confidential Advice, 21-523
May 6, 2021
Page 6
become a former public employee subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The former
governmental body would be the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\] in its entirety, including but
not limited to \[UNIT A\]. For the first year following termination of your employment with the
\[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\], Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict
including but not limited to a new employer, such as a \[TYPE OF
FIRM\]before the \[COMMONWEALTH ENTITY\]. The restrictions as to representation
outlined above must be followed. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to challenge same, you
may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the Commission within
thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30)
days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Respectfully,
Brian D. Jacisin
Chief Counsel