HomeMy WebLinkAbout02-552 SaxtonDaniel E. Saxton
1003 Edison Avenue
Sunbury, PA 17801
Re: Public Official; Simultaneous Service; Third Class City; Controller; Fire Chief;
Treasurer, Sunbury Volunteer Fire Department; Business With Which Associated;
Treasurer, Sunbury Volunteer Firemen's Relief Association.
Dear Mr. Saxton:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 19, 2002
02 -552
This responds to your letter of March 13, 2002, by which you requested advice from
the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., imposes any prohibition or restrictions upon an individual who
serves as a city controller and fire chief for the city's volunteer fire department with regard
to simultaneously serving or being employed as the treasurer of the fire department and
the treasurer of a volunteer firemen's relief association.
Facts: As Controller for the City of Sunbury ( "City "), a third class city, and as the
Fire hief of the Sunbury Volunteer Fire Department ( "Fire Department "), you seek an
advisory from the State Ethics Commission. You have submitted facts which may be fairly
summarized as follows.
By letter dated November 13, 2001, you previously submitted a request for an
advisory regarding the propriety of your simultaneous service as the City Controller and as
Fire Chief for the Fire Department. In response to your inquiry, Saxton, Advice of Counsel,
01 -612 was issued.
Saxton, Advice of Counsel, 01 -612 determined that there did not appear to be any
statutorily - declared incompatibility or inherent conflict precluding your simultaneous
service as the City Controller and as Fire Chief of the Fire Department. Consequently, you
were advised that such simultaneous service would be permitted within the parameters of
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act (pertaining to conflicts of interest).
In your most recent inquiry dated March 13, 2002, you state that new concerns have
been raised regarding two additional positions in which you serve, specifically, the
positions of Treasurer of the Fire Department and Treasurer of the Sunbury Volunteer
Firemen's Relief Association ( "Relief Association "). You state that although you have
served in both of these offices since 1990, you did not mention them in your prior advisory
request because those positions were not being questioned at that time.
Saxton, 02 -552
April 19, 2002
Page 2
You state that the Fire Department and the Relief Association are separate entities.
In your dual capacities as Treasurer for the Fire Department and the Relief Association,
you are not responsible for approving the payment of bills, but you are one of the required
signatories for checks and you are responsible for maintaining the financial records of both
the Fire Department and the Relief Association. The records that you maintain for the
Relief Association are audited semi - annually by the State Auditor General's Office,
because the Relief Association receives public funds. You receive no compensation as
Treasurer of the Fire Department; you receive a $1,500 annual stipend as Treasurer of the
Relief Association.
Based upon the above, you seek an advisory as to the specific issue of whether you
may simultaneously serve as City Controller, Fire Chief, Treasurer of the Fire Department,
and Treasurer of the Relief Association.
You have submitted the following additional facts that appear to be unrelated to
your specific inquiry:
Since I am a representative of a company with which the Fire Department
and Relief Association does [sic] business (related party transactions) I
abstain from voting on all matters with which I am affiliated. Full disclosure
is made concerning my relationship with said company.
(Saxton letter of March 13, 2002, at 1).
Discussion: Before addressing your specific inquiry, two points must initially be
noted. First, It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of the
Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts. In the
instant matter, the submitted facts pertaining to your unidentified affiliation with an
unidentified business are insufficient to form the basis for any analysis within this Advice
and are not addressed herein.
It is further initially noted that, pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and (11) of the Ethics
Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §1107(10), (11), an opinion /advice may be given only as to prospective
(future) conduct. If the activity in question has already occurred, the Commission may not
issue an opinion /advice, but any person may then submit a signed and sworn complaint
which will be investigated by the Commission if there are allegations of Ethics Act
violations by a person who is subject to the Ethics Act. To the extent you have inquired as
to conduct which has already occurred, such past conduct may not be addressed in the
context of an advisory opinion. However, to the extent you have inquired as to future
conduct, your inquiry may and shall be addressed.
In your capacities as City Controller and as Fire Chief of the Fire Department, you
are a public official /public employee subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. 65 Pa.C.S.
§ 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1; See, Apfelbaum, Advice 92 -531 (concluding that the Fire
Chief of the Sunbury Fire Department would be considered a public employee subject to
the Ethics Act).
In your capacity as the Treasurer of the Fire Department, it is not clear from the
submitted facts whether you are a public official subject to the Ethics Act. Your status in
that particular capacity hinges upon the status of the Fire Department, which cannot be
Saxton, 02 -552
April 19, 2002
Page 3
determined from the submitted facts.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted Activities
(a) Conflict of interest. —No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
(j) Voting conflict. —Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by
any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed with
the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the body required
to abstain from voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the
case of a three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained from voting as
a result of a conflict of interest and the remaining two members
of the governing body have cast opposing votes, the member
who has abstained shall be permitted to vote to break the tie
vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa. C. S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms pertaining to conflicts of interest under the Ethics Act are
defined as follows:
§1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. The term does not include an action
having a de minimis economic impact or which affects to the
same degree a class consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group
which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he or
a member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
Saxton, 02 -552
April 19, 2002
Page 4
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company, joint
stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or has
a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The terms "governmental body" and "political subdivision" are defined
in the Ethics Act as follows:
§1102. Definitions
"Governmental body." Any department, authority,
commission, committee, council, board, bureau, division,
service, office, officer, administration, legislative body or other
establishment in the executive, legislative or judicial branch of
a state, a nation or a political subdivision thereof or any
agency performing a governmental function.
"Political subdivision." Any county, city, borough,
incorporated town, township, school district, vocational school,
county instutution district, and any authority, entity or body
organized by the aforementioned.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
It is administratively noted that pursuant to the Third Class City Code, the City
Controller is an elected City official. 53 P.S. § 35701. The powers and duties of the City
Controller include, inter alia, countersigning all warrants for lawful payments by the City
(53 P.S. § 36706) and examining, auditing, and settling accounts as follows:
§ 36704. Examination and audit of accounts
(a) The city controller shall examine, audit and settle all
accounts whatsoever in which the city is concerned, either as
debtor or creditor, and shall also, annually or as often as he
desires or is directed to do so by council, examine and audit
the accounts of all bureaus, officers, and departments which
collect, receive, and disburse public moneys, or who are
charged with the management, control, or custody thereof, and
in every case he shall make report of such examination, audit
and settlement to the council. He shall likewise audit and
report upon the accounts of any such officer upon the death,
resignation, removal or expiration of the term of the said
officers. He shall likewise audit and report upon the accounts
of any library to which the city makes appropriations, those of
any institution owned by the city, and those of National Guard
units to which the city makes appropriations.
Saxton, 02 -552
April 19, 2002
Page 5
(b) He shall likewise audit, or with the consent of council cause
to be made by an accountant an annual audit of, all the
accounts of any municipal officer in any department of the city
government who may be charged with the duty, or who may
perform the services, of receiving and disbursing the funds of
any association, society, or organization of municipal
employes or persons, directly or indirectly connected with the
municipal government, for the benefit, relief, or pensioning of
firemen, policemen, or other municipal employes or persons as
aforesaid.
(c) All such audits shall be made within as short a time as
possible after the close of the fiscal year, and be annually
reported to council at its first meeting in March, as other
reports of the controller are made, and shall be filed with the
court of quarter sessions within ninety days of the close of the
fiscal year.
(d) Council may provide for an audit of any or all accounts by
an independent certified public accountant.
(e) Brief abstracts or summaries of the reports of such
accounts and financial statements or such other reports
thereof as council may require shall be published at least once
a week for two weeks in one newspaper, in accordance with
the provisions of section one hundred and nine of this act. The
expense and cost of such publication shall be paid out of the
funds of the various associations, organizations, or societies,
as their other expenses are paid.
53 P.S. § 36704.
In applying the provisions of the Ethics Act to the question of simultaneous service,
the General Assembly has the constitutional power to declare by law which offices are
incompatible. Pa. Const. Art. 6, § 2. There does not appear to be any statutorily - declared
incompatibility precluding your simultaneous service as City Controller, Fire Chief of the
Fire Department, Treasurer of the Fire Department, and Treasurer of the Relief
Association.
Turning to the question of conflict of interest, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is prohibited from using the authority of public
office /employment or confidential information received by holding such a public position for
the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself, a member of his
immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
Where simultaneous service would place the public official /public employee in a
continual state of conflict, such as where in one position he would be accounting to himself
in another position on a continual basis, there would be an inherent conflict (See, Johnson,
Opinion 86 -004). Where an inherent conflict would exist, it would appear to be impossible,
as a practical matter, for the public official /public employee to function in the conflicting
positions without running afoul of Section 1103(a).
Absent a statutorily - declared incompatibility or an inherent conflict under Section
1103(a), the Ethics Act would not preclude an individual from simultaneously serving in
more than one position, but in each instance of a conflict of interest, the individual would
Saxton, 02 -552
April 19, 2002
Page 6
be required to abstain and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) as set
forth above.
In this instance, based upon the facts which have been submitted, there does not
appear to be an inherent conflict that would preclude your simultaneous service as City
Controller, Fire Chief of the Fire Department, Treasurer of the Fire Department, and
Treasurer of the Relief Association. Consequently, such simultaneous service would be
permitted within the parameters of Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j).
In considering the parameters of Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j), it is clear that in
your capacity as City Controller, you would have a conflict of interest pursuant to Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act with regard to examining, auditing or settling any accounts of the
Fire Department or Relief Association. Clearly, it would be a conflict of interest for you to
examine or audit as City Controller the very financial records that you prepare and
accounts that you maintain as Treasurer of the Fire Department or as Treasurer of the
Relief Association.
Additionally, based upon the facts which you have submitted, the Relief Association
is separate from the City and is a business with which you, as Treasurer, are associated.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you would have a conflict of interest in any
of your public capacities in matter(s) that would financially impact the Relief Association.
As for the Fire Department, since the submitted facts are insufficient to determine
whether the Fire Department is a governmental body or a business for purposes of
applying the Ethics Act, this Advice must necessarily be limited to providing the following
general guidance in that regard.
If the Fire Department would be considered a governmental body, then in your
capacity as Treasurer of the Fire Department, you would be a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Act. 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1. Under that scenario,
you would not have a conflict of interest in using the authority of a public position for the
pecuniary benefit of the Fire Department as a governmental body. Warso, Order 974.
However, if the Fire Department would be considered a business, it would be a
business with which you are associated as an officer. Under that scenario, you would
have a conflict of interest in using the authority of a public position for the pecuniary
benefit of the Fire Department as a business with which you are associated.
In each instance of a conflict, you would be required to abstain fully and to satisfy
the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
Where a conflict would exist under the Ethics Act, the situation could prove further
problematic to the extent any person acting in your stead as to your public powers or
duties would be your subordinate in the Controller's Office or Fire Department.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Conclusion: In your capacities as Controller for the City of Sunbury ( "City ") and as Fire
Chief for the Sunbury Volunteer Fire Department ( "Fire Department "), you are a public
official /public employee subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. In your capacity as the Treasurer of the Fire
Department, it is not clear from the submitted facts whether you are a public official subject
to the Ethics Act. You may simultaneously serve in the positions of City Controller, Fire
Chief of the Fire Department, Treasurer of the Fire Department, and Treasurer of the
Sunbury Volunteer Firemen's Relief Association ( "Relief Association ") within the
parameters of Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act and subject to the
Saxton, 02 -552
April 19, 2002
Page 7
restrictions, conditions and qualifications set forth herein. In each instance of a conflict,
you would be required to abstain fully and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section
1103(j) of the Ethics Act. Where a conflict would exist under the Ethics Act, the situation
could prove further problematic to the extent any person acting in your stead as to your
public powers or duties would be your subordinate in the Controller's Office or Fire
Department.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed course of conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other
civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at
the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h)_ The appeal may be received at the Commission
by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX
transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the
Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of the
appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel