HomeMy WebLinkAbout02-534 KuchanskiRichard T. Kucharski
10 Hulse Street
Throop, PA 18512
Dear Mr. Kucharski:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 13, 2002
02 -534
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Executive Director; Income Maintenance
Administrator 3; County Assistance Office; Pennsylvania Department of Public
Welfare; Office of Income Maintenance; Personal Care Home Assisted Living
Facility; Personal Care Supplement Recipient; Business With Which Associated;
Reviewing Applications for Supplemental Benefits by Subordinate.
This responds to your letter of February 6, 2002, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon an executive
director for a county assistance office as to holding a one -third ownership share in a
private corporation that would own and operate a personal care home assisted living
facility, where some of the facility's residents would be Supplemental Security Income
Personal Care Supplement recipients whose applications for Personal Care
Supplements would be reviewed by the county assistance office through an income
maintenance caseworker, who is subordinate to an income maintenance caseworker
supervisor, an income maintenance administrator, and then the executive director,
respectively.
Facts: You are employed as the Executive Director of the Lackawanna County
Assistance Office "LCAO ") in the Office of Income Maintenance of the Pennsylvania
Department of Public Welfare. Your position title is Income Maintenance Administrator
3. The LCAO is responsible for determining the eligibility of County residents for cash
assistance, medical assistance and food stamp benefits in accordance with state and
federal regulations. Your job duties include planning, directing, organizing, and
administering the operations of the LCAO through a subordinate staff of 140 people.
You have submitted copies of your job description and organizational chart, which are
incorporated herein by reference.
In a private capacity, you have an opportunity to acquire a 1/3 ownership share in
a corporation yet to be formed ( "Corporation "), which Corporation would own and
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March 13, 2002
Page 2
operate a Personal Care Home assisted living facility ( "Facility ") to be located in Throop,
Lackawanna County.
You state that approximately 80% of the Facility's residents would be private pay
residents and the remaining 20% would be Supplemental Security Income ("SSI")
Personal Care Supplement recipients, whose eligibility for supplemental benefits would
be determined as per the procedures outlined in the Medical Assistance Eligibility
Handbook. You have submitted a copy of the Medical Assistance Eligibility Handbook,
which is incorporated herein by reference, and which provides in pertinent part as
follows.
A person residing in a Personal Care Home must be eligible for SSI benefits as
determined by the Social Security Administration ( "SSA ") in order to receive a State
funded Personal Care Supplement. The Personal Care Supplement provides a monthly
Personal Needs Allowance which, in addition to SSI benefits, is used by the resident to
pay for the care provided by the home.
A Personal Care Home resident may be eligible to receive a Personal Care
Supplement if the county Area Agency on Aging, through its OPTIONS program,
determines that the resident is "functionally disabled — that is, "[the resident] needs help
to perform essential activities of daily living which require more than providing room and
board." Medical Assistance Eligibility Handbook, § 391.2. If such a determination is
made, OPTIONS forwards a completed application for a Personal Care Supplement to
the County Assistance Office ( "CAO "). Upon receipt of an application for a Personal
Care Supplement, the CAO reviews the form for completeness and notifies SSA to
authorize the Personal Care Supplement.
You state that residents of the proposed Facility would be required to have their
applications reviewed by the LCAO. The LCAO would conduct the reviews through an
Income Maintenance Caseworker ( "IMCW ") assigned to the Nursing Home Unit and
under the supervision of an IMCW Supervisor. The IMCW Supervisor would report to
an Income Maintenance Administrator, that is, the Assistant Executive Director, who
would report directly to you. You note that you would have no direct involvement in the
review process conducted by the LCAO.
Given the foregoing facts, you ask whether you would have a conflict of interest
in holding a one -third ownership interest in the proposed Facility.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As the Executive Director of the Lackawanna County Assistance Office ( "LCAO ")
in the Office of Income Maintenance of the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare,
you are a public employee as that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and hence you are
subject to the provisions of that Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
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March 13, 2002
Page 3
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§1103. Restricted activities
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
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March 13, 2002
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required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for
same, both orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person
recording the minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the
disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to your inquiry, you are advised
that Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act does not generally prohibit public officials /public
employees from having outside business activities or employment; however, the public
official /public employee may employee use the authority of his public position or confidential
information obtained by being in that position for the advancement of his own private
pecuniary benefit or that of a business with which he is associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89-
011. Examples of conduct that would be prohibited under Section 1103(a) would
include: (1) the pursuit of a private business opportunity in the course of public action,
Metrick, Order No. 1037; (2) the use of governmental facilities, such as governmental
telephones, postage, staff, equipment, research materials, or other property, or the use
of governmental personnel, to conduct private business activities, Freind, Order No.
800; Pancoe, supra; and (3) the participation in an official capacity as to matters
involving the business with which the public official /public employee is associated in his
private capacity, such as the review /selection of its bids or proposals, Gorman, Order
No. 1041.
If a business with which the public official /public employee is associated or its
client(s) would have matter(s) pending before the governmental body, the public
official /public employee would have a conflict of interest as to such matter(s). Miller,
Opinion No. 89 -024; see also, Kannebecker, Opinion 92 -010. In each instance of a
conflict of interest, the public official /public employee would be required to abstain from
participation and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) set forth
above.
Having established the above general principles, your inquiry shall now be
addressed.
It is clear that the proposed Corporation of which you would hold a one -third
ownership interest would be a business with which you would be associated. Pursuant
to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you would have a conflict as to matters that would
come before you in your capacity as Executive Director of LCAO that would financially
impact you, the Corporation, or those doing business with the Corporation. See, Miller
supra. See also, Snyder v. State Ethics Commission, 686 A.2d 843 (PCommw.
1996). In that the Corporation would own and operate the Facility, you would also have
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March 13, 2002
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a conflict as to matters involving the Facility and its residents. In each instance of a
conflict, you would be required to abstain and observe the disclosure requirements of
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
The Ethics Act cannot prohibit you from holding an ownership interest in the
Corporation as to which you would be acting in a private capacity with your one -third
ownership interest. However, serious concerns exist as to the conflicts of interest that
would arise under the Ethics Act with regard to your role as Executive Director in
matters pertaining to the Corporation, the Facility, and its residents. The conflicts would
not only encompass the foregoing but would also extend to matters involving
competitive Personal Care Homes. See, Pepper, Opinion 87 -008. Further, even if you
would abstain as to such conflicts and delegate such matters to other staff members,
you would have a conflict as to those staff members given their subordinate status to
you. The conflicts would pertain to matters involving the supervision, evaluation,
discipline, promotion, or demotion of subordinates who would play any role in the review
of residents' applications for Personal Care Supplements or similar type benefits
needed to pay for care provided by the Facility. See, Confidential Advice, 01 -519.
Because you would have so many recurring and ongoing conflicts of interest if you
would acquire an interest in the Corporation that would operate the Facility, it would be
either very difficult or impossible for you, as a practical matter, to function as Executive
Director of LCAO. See, Confidential Advice, 01 -531.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: As Executive Director /Income Maintenance Administrator 3 for the
Lackawanna County Assistance Office in the Office of Income Maintenance of the
Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, you are a public employee subject to the
provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §
1101 et seq. The proposed Corporation of which you would hold a one -third ownership
interest would be a business with which you would be associated. Pursuant to Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you would have a conflict as to matters that would come
before you in your capacity as Executive Director of LCAO that would financially impact
you, the Corporation, or those doing business with the Corporation. In that the
Corporation would own and operate the Facility, you would also have a conflict as to
matters involving the Facility and its residents. In each instance of a conflict, you would
be required to abstain and observe the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the
Ethics Act.
The Ethics Act cannot prohibit you from holding an ownership interest in the
Corporation as to which you would be acting in a private capacity with your one -third
ownership interest. However, serious concerns exist as to the conflicts of interest that
would arise under the Ethics Act with regard to your role as Executive Director in
matters pertaining to the Corporation, the Facility, its residents, and competitive
Personal Care Homes. Even if you would abstain as to such conflicts and delegate
such matters to other staff members, you would have a conflict as to those staff
members given their subordinate status to you. The conflicts would pertain to matters
involving the supervision, evaluation, discipline, promotion, or demotion of subordinates
who would play any role in the review of residents' applications for Personal Care
Supplements or similar type benefits needed to pay for care provided by the Facility.
Because you would have so many recurring and ongoing conflicts of interest if you
would acquire an interest in the Corporation that would operate the Facility, it would be
either very difficult or impossible for you, as a practical matter, to function as Executive
Director of LCAO.
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March 13, 2002
Page 6
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code, § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel