HomeMy WebLinkAbout02-505 FabianADVICE OF COUNSEL
Terry R. Fabian
Deputy Secretary for Field Operations
PA Department of Environmental Protection
Rachel Carson State Office Building
P.O. Box 2063
Harrisburg, PA 17105 -2063
January 14, 2002
02 -505
Re: Former Public Official /Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Executive -Level State
Employee; Section 1103(i); Deputy Secretary for Field Operations; Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection.
Dear Mr. Fabian:
This responds to your letter of December 11, 2001, by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ")
presents any restrictions upon employment of a Deputy Secretary for Field Operations
following termination of service with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection.
Facts: You currently serve as the Deputy Secretary for Field Operations for the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection ( "DEP "), a position you have
held since March 1994. As Deputy Secretary of Field Operations, you are responsible
for the executive management and oversight of six regional offices that implement the
regulatory programs for air, water, water supply, waste, storage tanks, radiation
protection, and oil and gas management. The statewide programs for vector
surveillance and control and emergency response also fall under your managerial
authority.
You have been offered employment as the Environmental Director for Allegheny
Energy Supply, a generator of power at facilities in Pennsylvania and other states. In
your new position, you would be responsible for directing and managing permitting,
environmental compliance, and strategy group [sic], and leading the Environmental
Services Unit of the Projects Division, which advises the company in its permitting
activities and leads the effort to monitor and provide feedback to environmental
agencies for proposed and existing environmental regulations. You would also be
responsible for interfacing and negotiating with environmental regulators at the federal,
state and local levels.
Fabian, 02 -505
January 14, 2002
Page 2
You request an advisory defining any limits of contact with Commonwealth
agencies in your new position. You state your understanding that you may not
represent Allegheny Energy Supply directly in dealings with DEP for a limited period of
time. In addition to your general inquiry, you pose the following specific questions:
1. Whether you may attend or participate in public meetings not specific to the
activities of Allegheny Energy Supply, but rather of a general regulatory nature;
2. Whether you may conduct file reviews of any kind in any of the DEP offices; and
3. Whether you may attend meetings between Allegheny Energy Supply as an
observer and not as an active participant.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As Deputy Secretary for Field Operations for DEP, you would be considered a
public employee and an "executive -level State employee" subject to the Ethics Act and
the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. §1102; 51 Pa.Code
§11.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a former
public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the restrictions
of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
$1103. Restricted activities.
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two
years from the time that he terminates employment with this
Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a business
or corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this
Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to expand an existent
plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the
above prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment
or inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money
or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(i).
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination
of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 1103(i)
apply even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in
Fabian, 02 -505
January 14, 2002
Page 3
question is a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See,
Confidential Opinion No. 94 -011. However, Section 1103(i) would not restrict you from
being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a
representative capacity for Allegheny Energy Supply provided and conditioned upon the
assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting Allegheny Energy Supply
to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in recruiting or inducing
Allegheny Energy Supply to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania,
through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to Allegheny Energy Supply.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official /public employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does
restrict the former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a
"person" before the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
$1103. Restricted activities.
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
$1102. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
Fabian, 02 -505
January 14, 2002
Page 4
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the ublic
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to the
general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former
governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control but
extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at
290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon termination of
public service is DEP in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year after termination of your
service with, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation"
of "persons" before DEP.
Having set forth the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i), your
specific inquiries shall now be addressed.
It is assumed for purposes of your first question that DEP employees would be
present at the regulatory meetings. To the extent such meetings would be open to the
public, you could attend the meetings; however, if your role would go beyond that of a
general observer so that you would actually participate and /or advocate positions, not
as a member of the general public, but as a representative of Allegheny Energy Supply,
such representation would be prohibited.
With regard to your second question, the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from
conducting file reviews in any of the DEP offices conditioned upon the assumption that:
1) such files would be available to the general public; and 2) you would not be reviewing
Fabian, 02 -505
January 14, 2002
Page 5
such files in an effort to indirectly influence DEP or to otherwise make known to DEP
that you represent or work for Allegheny Energy Supply.
As to your third question, you would be prohibited from attending meetings
between Allegheny Energy Supply and DEP even if you would merely be an observer
rather than an active participant, as such would constitute prohibited representation
under Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1103(g) and 1103(i) only. It is expressly assumed that there has
been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as rohibited by Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of
the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee and
no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Upon termination of service as Deputy Secretary for Field
Operations with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection ( "DEP "), you
would become a former public official /public employee and a former executive -level
State employee subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11.
Under Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act, you would not be prohibited from being
employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative
capacity for Allegheny Energy Supply based upon the assumptions that you did not
actively participate in recruiting Allegheny Energy Supply to Pennsylvania, and that you
did not actively participate in recruiting or inducing Allegheny Energy Supply to open or
expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania through a grant or loan of money or a
promise of a grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With
regard to Section 1103(), the restrictions as outlined above must be followed. The
former governmental body would be DEP in its entirety. The propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Fabian, 02 -505
January 14, 2002
Page 6
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such
an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel