HomeMy WebLinkAbout01-563 NeuhardMegan Neuhard
4983 Saddlebrook Drive
Harrisburg, PA 17112
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Director of Communications;
Department of Community and Economic Development.
Dear Ms. Neuhard:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 7, 2001
01 -563
This responds to your letter of May 8, 2001, by which you requested advice from
the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ")
presents any restrictions upon employment of a Director of Communications following
termination of service with the Department of Community and Economic Development
( "DCED ").
Facts: From October 1996 through May 1999, you served as Director of
Communications and Press Secretary for the Department of Health ( "DOH "). Since
May 1999, you have served as the Director of Communications for the Pennsylvania
Department of Community and Economic Development ( "DCED "). You have also
served as a member of DCED's Executive Committee. In your roles as Director of
Communications and Press Secretary for DOH and Director of Communications for
DCED, you represented DOH and DCED respectively, on all public communications
matters and served as public spokesperson and communications liaison with the
Governor's Press Secretary.
During your tenure at DOH, you were involved in the decision making process for
a large advertising and marketing contract that was awarded for the period May 1, 1998
through June 30, 2000. You oversaw the request for proposal process and managed
the contract after the award. Although the contract was renewed in 2000, you were not
involved in the renewal process. You state that since the contract was a contract for
services rather than a grant or a loan, it had neither the purpose nor the effect of
inducing or encouraging the contractor to locate or expand its operations within the
Commonwealth.
You state that you have had no review, oversight, or decision - making
responsibility or authority for any of DCED's grant or loan programs or for any other
substantive matters within that agency. You further state that you have had no
Neuhard, 01 -563
June 7, 2001
Page 2
programmatic responsibility for any of the Commonwealth authorities that receive
administrative support from DCED, including the Pennsylvania Industrial Development
Authority, the Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority, and the
Pennsylvania Minority Business Development Authority.
You will be leaving Commonwealth employment in a few weeks to develop your
own public relations and marketing consulting firm. You understand that you are
precluded from appearing before DCED and representing any person or entity, including
yourself, before DCED for a period of one year after you terminate employment with
DCED. You state that under no circumstances will you appear before DCED on behalf
of yourself or others for a period of at least one year after you terminate employment
with DCED.
You seek guidance as to the following issues:
1. Whether you may perform work as an independent contractor for the
advertising firm that received the contract from DOH in May 1998;
2. Whether you may provide marketing and public relations services to
organizations that actually receive budget money through a state line item
from DCED where you have no oversight authority over these funds;
3. Whether you may provide marketing and public relations services to a firm
that lobbies DCED or from any other state agency" where you would not
be lobbying for such firm or representing "them" before DCED;
4. Whether you may provide marketing and public relations services to a firm
that has a contractual relationship with DCED; and
5. Whether you may provide marketing and public relations services to
companies that have received grants or loans from DCED where you have
had no programmatic responsibility or involvement in the application
process or in the award of such grants or loans.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As Director of Communications for the Department of Community and Economic
Development ( "DCED "), you would be considered a "public employee" subject to the
Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S.
§1102; 51 Pa. Code §11.1. Consequently, upon termination of public service, you
would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official /public
employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before the governmental body with
which he has been associated ":
§1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
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June 7, 2001
Page 3
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the Ethics Act
as follows:
§1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service. Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the public
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June 7, 2001
Page 4
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to the
general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former
governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /public employee had influence or
control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon termination of
public service is the DCED in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year after termination
of service with DCED, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict
"representation" of "persons" before DCED.
Having established the above, your specific inquiries shall now be addressed.
With regard to questions 1 through 5, you are advised that the Ethics Act would
not prohibit you from providing marketing and public relations services as an
independent contractor or otherwise to a firm /organization /company that: 1) currently
has or has had a contractual relationship with DOH or DCED; 2) receives or has
received state funding through a state line item, grant or loan; or 3) lobbies state
agencies, including DCED, to the extent that in providing such services, you would not
be engaging in prohibited representation before DCED during the one -year period of
restricted activity.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 1103(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no
use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the
Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /public employee
and no public official /public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value
based upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /public employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these
provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation, or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As Director of Communications for the Pennsylvania Department of
Community and Economic Development ( "DCED "), you would be considered a "public
employee" as defined in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act"), Act
93 of 1998, Chapter 11. Upon termination of service with DCED, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The former
governmental body is DCED in its entirety.
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June 7, 2001
Page 5
The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed. The
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
The letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such
an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel