HomeMy WebLinkAbout01-557 BlackDavid E. Black
300 Allenview Drive
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Re: Former Public Official /Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Executive -Level State
Employee; Section 1103(i); Chief Operating Officer of Team Pennsylvania;
Department of Community and Economic Development; Team Pennsylvania
Board; Business Calling Program; Team Pennsylvania Foundation; Economic
Development Organization; Local Economic Development Assistance Program.
Dear Mr. Black:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 22, 2001
01 -557
This responds to your letter of April 23, 2001, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ")
presents any restrictions upon employment of a Chief Operating Officer of Team
Pennsylvania following termination of service with the Department of Community and
Economic Development.
Facts: Since June 13, 2000, you have been employed by the Commonwealth as
Chief Operating Officer ( "COO ") of Team Pennsylvania, a position that is funded
through a line item in the Department of Community and Economic Development
( "DCED ") budget. As COO of Team Pennsylvania, you report directly to the Secretary
of DCED.
Your primary responsibilities include coordinating activities and meetings of the
Team Pennsylvania Board; overseeing the Business Calling Program, which is also
funded through the Team Pennsylvania line item in the DCED budget; and serving as
the liaison to the Team Pennsylvania Foundation, a private 501(c)(3) corporation.
The Team Pennsylvania Board, which is largely a vehicle for policy discussion,
consists primarily of private sector members appointed by the Governor as well as
seven cabinet secretaries. Occasionally, the Board Members are asked to bring their
resources to bear in the recruitment of companies and jobs to Pennsylvania. You state
that Team Pennsylvania was established because Pennsylvania has traditionally lagged
behind other states in private sector involvement in state economic deals. You further
state that when Team Pennsylvania asks for help from one of the private sector
companies, the Team Pennsylvania staff or the Governor's Action Team will make the
contact.
The Business Calling Program is Pennsylvania's job retention program through
which state funding from the Team Pennsylvania line item in the DCED budget is
Black, 01 -557
May 22, 2001
Page 2
provided to regional organizations that work on a contractual basis to ensure that nearly
6,000 calls on current Pennsylvania companies are completed each year. A business
call includes an extensive survey, through which the business caller gathers information
from the company on issues such as workforce and business climate. The data is then
entered into an internet database that is maintained by Team Pennsylvania. Questions
or requests for assistance generated by such calls are forwarded to appropriate state
agencies for review and action, if appropriate.
As Liaison to the Team Pennsylvania Foundation, you serve as a link to state
government for the Foundation. You state that although the Foundation has received
grant funds from DCED, it relies largely upon private sector contributions. You further
state that as Liaison, you regularly make policy suggestions to the Foundation, some,
but not all, of which are accepted.
Recently, you have been approached by a regional economic development
organization to apply for the position of CEO and President. You state that the
organization has a very comprehensive structure with several divisions, including
economic development, regional team building, regional promotion, group medical
insurance for small businesses, and other services for members.
The economic development component has its own deputy director who reports
to the President and CEO of the regional economic development organization. The
economic development component currently works and will continue to work with
companies to create jobs in the area by seeking assistance from DCED in the form of
grants, loans and /or tax credits on behalf of specific companies. You state that some of
these programs provide grants or loans to the regional organizations, which in turn,
provide grants or loans to the companies without financially gaining themselves. You
further state that the economic development component receives funding by a
previously established formula from the Local Economic Development Assistance
program contained in the DCED budget.
You note that the economic development component of the regional economic
development organization performs some of the business calls under the Business
Calling Program through a subcontract with another multi- county regional organization
that is under contract with Team Pennsylvania. You state that the funds received by the
economic development corporation originate from the Team Pennsylvania line item in
the DCED budget. You further state that the position you seek is neither supported by
Commonwealth or DCED funding nor supported by DCED funds intended to help
companies in the region.
Given the foregoing facts, you ask what restrictions will apply to you should you
pursue the position of CEO /President of the regional economic development
organization.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As Chief Operating Officer of Team Pennsylvania for the Department of
Community and Economic Development ( "DCED "), you would be considered a public
official /public employee and an "executive -level State employee" subject to the Ethics
Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. §1102; 51
Pa.Code §11.1.
Black, 01 -557
May 22, 2001
Page 3
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a former
public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the restrictions
of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
$1103. Restricted activities.
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two
years from the time that he terminates employment with this
Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a business
or corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this
Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to expand an existent
plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the
above prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment
or inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money
or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(i).
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination
of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 1103(i)
apply even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in
question is a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See,
Confidential Opinion No. 94 -011. However, Section 1103(i) would not restrict you from
being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a
representative capacity for a regional economic development organization provided and
conditioned upon the assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting such
organization to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in recruiting or
inducing such organization to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in
Pennsylvania, through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of
money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to such organization.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official /public employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does
restrict the former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a
"person" before the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
$1103. Restricted activities.
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
Black, 01 -557
May 22, 2001
Page 4
$1102. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the ublic
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to the
general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former
governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for the new employer.
Black, 01 -557
May 22, 2001
Page 5
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control but
extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at
290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon termination of
public service would be DCED in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year after
termination of your service with Team Pennsylvania, Section 1103) of the Ethics Act
would apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before the DCED.
Having set forth all of the above restrictions, it is clear that although the Ethics
Act would not preclude you from accepting employment with the regional economic
development organization, you could not represent the organization before DCED. You
state that the economic development component of the organization seeks financial
assistance from DCED on behalf of specific companies. In performing such work for
the regional economic development organization, you could not have any prohibited
contacts as to DCED and no written materials containing your name could be submitted
to DCED except within the narrow and limited circumstances permitted by Webster,
supra, as set forth above.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1103(g) and 1103(i) only. It is expressly assumed that there has
been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as rohibited by Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of
the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee and
no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of
the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely
to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As Chief Operating Officer of Team Pennsylvania for the
Department of Community and Economic Development ( "DCED "), you would become a
former public official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee
subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Public Official
and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11. Under Section
1103(i) of the Ethics Act, you would not be prohibited from being employed by, receiving
compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for a regional
economic development organization based upon the assumptions that you did not
actively participate in recruiting such organization to Pennsylvania, and that you did not
actively participate in recruiting or inducing such organization to open or expand a plant,
facility, or branch in Pennsylvania through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a
grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With regard to Section
1103(g), the restrictions as outlined above must be followed. The former governmental
body would be the DCED in its entirety. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Black, 01 -557
May 22, 2001
Page 6
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at
the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the Commission by
hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX transmission
(717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within
thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel